Table of Content

15 May 2009, Volume 30 Issue 3

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Ethics

On Environmental Justice from the Perspective of Human Studies

ZHANG Deng-Qiao

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3):  1-4. 

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ZHANG Deng-Qiao. On Environmental Justice from the Perspective of Human Studies[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3): 1-4.

On the surface level,environmental justice is about the relationship between nature and human beings；in fact,it embodies an interpersonal social relationship,thus it is a social justice.Different levels of environmental justice are rooted in the multiple attributes of human existence.While human class attribute corresponds to global environmental justice,human colony attribute corresponds to colony environmental justice and personal attribute corresponds to individual environmental justice.By “people-oriented” in environmental justice,it is meant that environmental benefits and environmental responsibilities should be fairly shared,and that special attention should be paid to the environmental appeals by the less-wealthy people and people in the less-developed countries and areas.

On the Realization of Environmental Inter-generational Justice——On the Construction of Three Ethical Subjects

YANG Sheng-Jun

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3):  5-9. 

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YANG Sheng-Jun. On the Realization of Environmental Inter-generational Justice——On the Construction of Three Ethical Subjects[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3): 5-9.

The realization of environmental inter-generational justice depends on the holistic moral efforts of human beings,who are the unity of individual subject,group subject and class subject,each playing a corresponding role in the relationship between environment and human beings.To solve the problems of environmental justice between nature and human beings,and the present generation and future generations,these three ethical subjects must be constructed.

On the Relationship between Morality and Man from the Perspectives of Hominization Morality and Standard Morality

LI Ping, LIU Ren-Gui

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3):  10-13. 

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LI Ping, LIU Ren-Gui. On the Relationship between Morality and Man from the Perspectives of Hominization Morality and Standard Morality[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3): 10-13.

The relationship between morality and man is diverse and complex due to the bi-dimensionality of hominization morality and standard morality.In terms of hominization morality,morality and man are identically constructed and morality is inherent in man；and in terms of standard morality,there is a double relationship of “identity-inherence” and “difference-externality” between them.The relationship between hominization morality and standard morality is either consistent or separated,presented in the form of concrete and historical practice.

Reflections on the Progress of Modern Science and Technology and Consumption Ethics

TANG Qiong

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3):  14-17. 

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TANG Qiong. Reflections on the Progress of Modern Science and Technology and Consumption Ethics[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3): 14-17.

The development of modern science and technology is more and more influencing material and spiritual consumption of human beings.On the one hand,it has greatly improved the life quality of human beings,and on the other hand,it has inevitably caused some negative effects.Therefore,it is essential to form healthy,rational consumption concept and consumption way so as to enhance an all-round development of human beings as well as a sustainable development of human society.

Ethnology

On the Development of National Economy from the Perspective of Economic Anthropology

LUO Kang-Long, ZENG Xian-Jun

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3):  18-25. 

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LUO Kang-Long, ZENG Xian-Jun. On the Development of National Economy from the Perspective of Economic Anthropology[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3): 18-25.

There exist diversified nations in the world,and they should adopt specific ways to develop themselves.In national economic activities,economy appears together with other social factors,and under specific circumstances it is not a rational action in accordance with economic purpose.Therefore,it is necessary to take a comprehensive and systematic way when we evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of economic life of different nations.

On the Release of Social Tension from the Phenomenon of “Scapegoat”

LI Jie

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3):  26-30. 

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LI Jie. On the Release of Social Tension from the Phenomenon of “Scapegoat”[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3): 26-30.

In terms of social control,witchcraft is a release of social tension;and from social psychology,wizard/witch becomes the scapegoat to dispel social tension.Those who possess witchcraft and those not become secret cooperators,because they are under the same cultural background,maintaining the cognitive system of power of the society they are in.The fact that those who possess witchcraft mostly are women essentially expresses people’s cognition of the relationship between women and god,instead of a simple role mode between man and woman.Of course,this kind of cognition is likely to be made use of by those who are in power (mainly are men),thus it clearly tends to social differences of the two sexes in evolution.

Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Villages:Diversified Expressions,Characteristics,and Utilization——A Case Study of a Tujia Village Named Suzhu in the West of Hunan Province

LIANG Zheng-Hai, BAI Gui-Xi

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3):  31-37. 

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LIANG Zheng-Hai, BAI Gui-Xi. Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Villages:Diversified Expressions,Characteristics,and Utilization——A Case Study of a Tujia Village Named Suzhu in the West of Hunan Province[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3): 31-37.

The specific living space in Wuling mountainous areas has molded an ecology cognition system of the Tujia Nationality,which is restricted both by river and mountain.Based on the cognition and belief on environment in the process of working,and focusing on environment maintenance and proper exploitation,this cognition system takes concrete cultural phenomenon as its expression form.This paper takes Suzhou village in Longsha County (in the west of Hunan Province) as a case study,and explores the value of traditional ecological knowledge in the application of modern society.

Literature

On the Occurrence of Literature Translation in Modern China

DENG Wei

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3):  38-42. 

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DENG Wei. On the Occurrence of Literature Translation in Modern China[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3): 38-42.

Before the Reform Movement of 1898,translation in China was mainly about translation of science and technology by the Westernization Group;later it extended into the field of social sciences.Due to the self inherent concept of literature,little attention was given to literature translation at that time,only some sporadic translation was seen.During the Movement,modern literature translation—under specific field of view--misunderstood Western literature (mainly novels),regarding it as an enlightenment,or political propagandistic tool.Then Chinese society was ideologically prepared for a large-scale literature translation,and literature translation was practically accepted as a part of Chinese literature revolution.

Doubt and Reconstruction:the Historical Consciousness of Lunatic Narration in the Novels of the 1990s

HU Jun-Fei

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3):  43-48. 

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HU Jun-Fei. Doubt and Reconstruction:the Historical Consciousness of Lunatic Narration in the Novels of the 1990s[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3): 43-48.

By “lunatic narration” it is meant that the novel is from the angle of view or the voice of a lunatic.As a spectacular sight in the 1990s and an “implicative form”,it presented a historical consciousness that was not seen in the early 40 years of PRC,including the opening-up of historical form and narrative form,and regarding history as a consumption object of aesthetics.To be exact,this historical consciousness is to re-understand history,doubt history,seek a historical identity and reconstruct historical discourse.When it is put in the currency of modern Chinese literature history,we may clearly see that this historical consciousness was a limited backwash and transcendence on the limitation of previous literature narration.

On the Decadence Bohemia of European Trend of Thought in the End of the 19th Century

WEI Hua

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3):  49-54. 

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WEI Hua. On the Decadence Bohemia of European Trend of Thought in the End of the 19th Century[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3): 49-54.

The Decadence Bohemia，derived from the trend of thought in Europe in the end of the 19th century is a typical way of existence of the literati,who,in a special era,behaved in a bad manner characterized by debauch,abjection,corruption,and evil.However,the ill state of their existence endowed them keenness to modern civilization and literary crisis,making them contribute much to the artistic creation and providing people with an expectation for another life.From this perspective,we may have a new comprehension to the aesthetic connotation of symbolism:it is an artistic trend,and more of a life movement.

Divinity，Humanity and Beastliness—— On the “Paradox”of The Crucible

GUO Jian-Hui

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3):  55-59. 

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GUO Jian-Hui. Divinity，Humanity and Beastliness—— On the “Paradox”of The Crucible[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3): 55-59.

Getting over the percipient limitation of narrow utilitarianism,studying and discovering Arthur Miller’s The Crucible in the broader vision of human culture,the theater carries out the conflict by the“Paradox”of naming the devil in God’s name,which is formed by mythical logic thinking,and emerges that Salem town endows a group of ignorant and fearless girls with the privilege of naming.In the theater,“paradox” is taken as law to trial and innocent civilians are punished,which reveals profoundly the limitation of human thought and the conflict between humanity degeneration and inwit existence caused by the “paradox”.It reminds people of removing devils in mind,comes out from the temptation of divinity and bestiality,promotes life level in humanistic return and cultivates the will of human life.

Political science

Ecological Quality of the County-level Officials:the Key to the Development of Intra-county Ecological Economy

CUI Yong-He

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3):  60-65. 

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CUI Yong-He. Ecological Quality of the County-level Officials:the Key to the Development of Intra-county Ecological Economy[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3): 60-65.

The development of intra-county ecological economy is a practical way out of ecological crisis.To meet the demand of scientific outlook on development,a strategic environmental evaluation index of green GDP should be introduced,and a path of sustainable development of social economy and ecological environment adopted in developing intra-county ecological economy,thus it is the key weather the county-level officials have ecological quality or not.

Government Culture and the Psychological Contract of Civil Servants:an Attempt under Unified Framework

ZHONG Hong-Liang

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3):  66-71. 

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ZHONG Hong-Liang. Government Culture and the Psychological Contract of Civil Servants:an Attempt under Unified Framework[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3): 66-71.

Psychological contract is the organized individual personality,and government culture is the personified government.The interactive relationship between the psychological contract of civil servants for “personality” and the government's “general” culture is the impulsion to promote government’s performance.This paper analyzes them under a unified framework,pointing out how to construct government culture and psychological contract of civil servants so as to improve the government performance.

On the Ecological Thinking Paradigm in Environmental Sociology

ZHAO Xiao-Ge

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3):  71-74. 

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ZHAO Xiao-Ge. On the Ecological Thinking Paradigm in Environmental Sociology[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3): 71-74.

This paper discusses the ecological thinking paradigm in environmental sociology and its dialectical principles,regarding that we should rid the economy-centered and society-centered views and utilize all the forces to protect our environment.

Law

Tentative Idea on the Reform of Judicial Interpretation System in Our Country——From the Perspective of the Unification of Judicial Decision System in “Criminal Procedures Law of Macao”

WANG Zhong-Xing, SUN Mo-Fei

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3):  75-80. 

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WANG Zhong-Xing, SUN Mo-Fei. Tentative Idea on the Reform of Judicial Interpretation System in Our Country——From the Perspective of the Unification of Judicial Decision System in “Criminal Procedures Law of Macao”[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3): 75-80.

Recently,opinions on the reform of judicial interpretation system in our country are constantly heard in the jurisprudential circle.However,no prominent improvement in practice has been made so far.The Unification of Judicial Decisions System in “Criminal Procedures Law of Macao” bears the advantages of both civil law and common law.With a function similar to the judicial interpretation,it’s constituted for the very purpose of unifying the different judicial interpretations,preventing different decisions of the same case when applying the same laws.This system also accords with the institutional structure and judicial technique at present,thus it should be used for reference in the reform of judicial interpretation system in the interior of our country.

Foreign Investigation on the Nature and Range of Non-litigation Case and Its Enlightenment

DENG Hui-Hui

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3):  81-86. 

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DENG Hui-Hui. Foreign Investigation on the Nature and Range of Non-litigation Case and Its Enlightenment[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3): 81-86.

Non-litigation case and litigation case are the two basic classifications of civil case.However,for quite a long time in China,no sufficient study has been given to non-litigation case in the field of civil procedure law to meet the demand of market economy and the changing social structure.Thus foreign investigation on the nature and range of non-litigation case will provide reference for us to deepen the study of litigation case and non-litigation procedure,so that non-litigation procedure may play a positive role in preventing disputes and stabilizing social order.

On the Theory and Practical Environment of Litigation Undertaking

LI De-en

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3):  87-92. 

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LI De-en. On the Theory and Practical Environment of Litigation Undertaking[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3): 87-92.

The integration of civil subject and litigation subject is regarded as an ideal arrangement in civil litigation.However,new civil subjects and new civil rights have been constantly appearing with the development of the society,causing a separation between the two.Litigation undertaking plays an important role both in protecting the vested civil rights and in producing new civil rights.The double functions of litigation undertaking are restricted by practical environment,which is very poor in China and often leading to limited operation in resolving mass disputes.To construct a perfect dispute-resolving system,we need to enhance both the construction of alternative ways and the construction of the environment in which the representative litigation properly operates.

On the Attribute and Theoretical Basis of the Rights of Private Party in Abstract Administrative Process

TIAN Zhi-Juan

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3):  93-96. 

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TIAN Zhi-Juan. On the Attribute and Theoretical Basis of the Rights of Private Party in Abstract Administrative Process[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3): 93-96.

In the research of administrative law,the primary thing should be private party and it’s right in the administrative process.The right of private party in abstract administrative process plays a very important role in the whole right system of the private party in the administrative process.Right of private party in abstract administrative process is the embodiment and derivation of constitutional primary rights in the field of administrative law.Theories basis of right lies in the basic theories on human rights and constitutional civil rights as well as the development of administrative law.

Economics

The Theoretical Contribution and Application of Behavioral Economics

MA Guang-Qi, ZHANG Lin-Yun

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3):  97-102. 

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MA Guang-Qi, ZHANG Lin-Yun. The Theoretical Contribution and Application of Behavioral Economics[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3): 97-102.

Arising rapidly for winning Nobel Prize,behavioral economics is a branch of economics which studies decision-making behavior and economic phenomenon from psychology.Based on psychology,emphasizing experiment,and starting from people’s psychology and behavior,it reveals the irrational factors which influence choice behavior,and thus it is a revision to neoclassical economics.This paper analyzes the main views,theoretical contribution,and application of behavioral economics.

Reflections on the Leaping Economic Strategy of Xiangxi Prefecture in the Recent 10 Years

LU Ming-Yong

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3):  103-107. 

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LU Ming-Yong. Reflections on the Leaping Economic Strategy of Xiangxi Prefecture in the Recent 10 Years[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3): 103-107.

This paper analyzes the leaping economic strategy of Xiangxi Prefecture from 1999 to 2008,holding that this strategy is improper due to the restriction of capital,labor,land,and management.The realistic and rational development strategy in the neighboring areas of Huaihua and Zhangjiajie also proves the improper strategy in Xiangxi Prefecture.The paper further proposes a gradual strategy to boost economy in Xiangxi Prefecture,focusing on people-oriented scientific outlook of political achievement and social and political stability as well.

Exploration into the Organization Mode of Agricultural Industrialization in the Ethnic Areas of Xiangxi

JIA Yu-E

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3):  108-112. 

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JIA Yu-E. Exploration into the Organization Mode of Agricultural Industrialization in the Ethnic Areas of Xiangxi[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3): 108-112.

Agricultural industrialization is a new management mechanism in our country,and a way to increase farmers’ income,improve the comprehensive agricultural efficiency,and resolve the problems concerning agriculture,countryside and farmers.Due to the unique natural geographical and cultural environments,we should adopt an organization mode that is suitable to local conditions,led by the advanced enterprises and pillar industries,and oriented by the market so as to enhance the agriculture development in Xiangxi.

Management science

The Change of Interest Situation and Indirect Conflict of Interest

XIE Hai-Jun

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3):  113-118. 

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XIE Hai-Jun. The Change of Interest Situation and Indirect Conflict of Interest[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3): 113-118.

Conflict of interest is one of the two factors that would cause conflict in modern society;class consciousness is a key point from which class contradiction is accelerated into class conflict;and in the modern society,social equity is the main variable that causes social conflict.The increasing mass disturbances in China reflects the sign of indirect interest conflict,indicating a change from the dissatisfaction of unfair material and interest distribution to the suspicion of social equinity of the interest-deprived group,which has weakened the governmental validity foundation.

Analysis on the Factors Influencing the Subjective Well-being of Urban Citizens:A Case Study in Shenyang

ZHANG Yan-Hua, YU Jing, CHANG Bo

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3):  119-123. 

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ZHANG Yan-Hua, YU Jing, CHANG Bo. Analysis on the Factors Influencing the Subjective Well-being of Urban Citizens:A Case Study in Shenyang[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3): 119-123.

Taking the revised version of the Subjective Well-being List of Chinese Citizen as the tool,and 622 citizens in Shenyang as the sample,this paper analyzes the subjective well-being of Chinese citizens as well as the factors influencing it.The results show that (1).Subjective well-being does not coordinate with the national average level,and (2).Gender,age,education level,income,and marriage all influence the subjective well-being of the urban citizens in Shenyang.

On the Quality of China’s Private Entrepreneurs and the Ways to Improve It

HE Xiao

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3):  124-128. 

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HE Xiao. On the Quality of China’s Private Entrepreneurs and the Ways to Improve It[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3): 124-128.

The rich connotation of an entrepreneur’s quality includes honesty,innovation,management,and moral cultivation.Though the quality of China’s private entrepreneurs has been greatly improved,such problems as low cultural level,lack of honesty and social responsibility still exist among them,making them unable to adjust themselves to the changing environment.Therefore,it is advisable that measures be taken to improve the quality of China’s private entrepreneurs by liberating them,setting good example for them,and giving special training to them.

Cultural Studies

On Original Books and Publication Prosperity

YANG Yun

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3):  129-132. 

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YANG Yun. On Original Books and Publication Prosperity[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3): 129-132.

This paper discusses the three levels of original books and the four aspects in value pursuit,holding that only by government guiding,mechanism innovation and diverse cultural concepts can publication prosperity be achieved.

On Constructing Museums’ Core-value System and the Safeguards Measures in China

GU Yu-Chun

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3):  133-136. 

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GU Yu-Chun. On Constructing Museums’ Core-value System and the Safeguards Measures in China[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3): 133-136.

Museum,as a non-profit institution,should set up a core-value system to guide its sustainable development.This paper,starting from the basic function of museum,confirms the core-value system of museum,which includes the storage of collection,informal education,mass orientation,and social purpose,and proposes the safeguard measures to realize the core-value system.

On the Objective Elements of Cultural Productivity

CHENG Tao, LI Shu-De

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3):  137-140. 

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CHENG Tao, LI Shu-De. On the Objective Elements of Cultural Productivity[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3): 137-140.

The objective elements of cultural productivity are the labor object in the cultural productive labor,production tools,and means of labor created and used by cultural productive laborers.In the system of the cultural productivity,the development direction of cultural productivity is restricted by objective elements of cultural productivity.Based on objective elements of cultural productivity,cultural production is in operation and transformed to real productivity.Objective elements of cultural productivity directly influence the general level of cultural productivity.

Humanism and Effort——Two dimension of human-oriented editing

XIANG Hong-en

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3):  141-143. 

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XIANG Hong-en. Humanism and Effort——Two dimension of human-oriented editing[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3): 141-143.

To achieve the goal of human-oriented,editing must based on two-dimension:one dimension is humanism,which refers editors who shoulder the responsibility of culture spread,should provide the audience with the material for spiritual well-being as well as provide the presenter with space for self-advancement.The other dimension is effort,which means that as an element of culture;the editor should not only handle the variety of information reasonably and properly,but also to participate in a creative way to structure human being’s culture and spirit. 

Linguistics

On the Decisive Factors of Rewritings in Translation

HE De-Hong

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3):  144-148. 

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HE De-Hong. On the Decisive Factors of Rewritings in Translation[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3): 144-148.

Adopting a social-cultural perspective,Susan Bassnett and André Lefevere discover that rewritings in translation are produced in the service of powers after they studied a large number of cases.Therefore they think powers (i.e.ideology and poetics) are the decisive factors of rewritings.However,this paper doubts this proposition.By adopting a logical and rational method,the author tries to examine whether the rewritings discussed by Lefevere are translations or non-translations through the discussion about sufficient and necessary factors to translation.Based on the discussion,the paper assumes that the inherit limitations of translatability generated by inadequacy of languages are the decisive factors of rewritings in translation instead of social-cultural powers.

On Cultural Misconception in Translation

ZHU Hai-Yu, MAO Xin-Geng

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3):  149-152. 

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ZHU Hai-Yu, MAO Xin-Geng. On Cultural Misconception in Translation[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3): 149-152.

Language is the vehicle and essential element of culture.Different languages have different cultural connotations.Translation is not only a process of linguistic transference,but also a process of cultural transference.In the target language,the lack of the cultural phenomenon of the source language and the difference of words’ connotation of the source language may cause cultural misconception.In most cases,misconception is harmful to intercultural communication,but in some cases,it can increase the artistic effect of the target language.A translator needs to be quite good at the home culture and foreign culture if he wants to avoid cultural misconception as much as possible.

A Study on Semantic Features of Middle Construction in English and Chinese and the Cognitive Motivation

ZHANG Jing-Yuan, ZHANG Bing

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3):  153-156. 

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ZHANG Jing-Yuan, ZHANG Bing. A Study on Semantic Features of Middle Construction in English and Chinese and the Cognitive Motivation[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3): 153-156.

“Middle” is an across-linguistic phenomenon that bears universal properties.Middle construction exists in both English and Chinese languages.Like many other phenomena in the two languages,English and Chinese middle constructions possess some similar and different semantic features.The paper analyzes these features,and accounts for the cognitive motivation of middle construction with cognitive linguistic theory.

On Verbalization in English

LIU Xin-Bo

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3):  157-160. 

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LIU Xin-Bo. On Verbalization in English[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3): 157-160.

Verbalization results from human pursuit of effective transmission of messages.Being more and more widely used,it is the product of human language evolution,also the inevitable phenomenon of human language to adjust to social development and rapid rhythm of life.With various types,verbalization is a way to realize conceptual grammatical metaphor.Verbalized metaphor makes English more expressive,concise,lively,and vigorous.

Art

On the Origin of Hand-waving Song and Dance of the Tujia Nationality in Xiangxi

CHEN Dong

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3):  161-164. 

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CHEN Dong. On the Origin of Hand-waving Song and Dance of the Tujia Nationality in Xiangxi[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3): 161-164.

This paper mainly discusses the origin of hand-waving song and dance,a unique custom of the Tujia nationality in Xiangxi (in the west of Hunan Province).It has a long history,and presents different artistic forms during different times.

On the Early Development and Its Characteristics of German Art Songs

HE Ji-Jun

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3):  165-167. 

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HE Ji-Jun. On the Early Development and Its Characteristics of German Art Songs[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3): 165-167.

Lyric poems became popular in Germany in the 18th century,when musical composition was greatly influenced by such aesthetic ideas as natural,simple,pure,and emotionalism.With the innovation of typography,women’s enthusiastic participation in literature and art activities,and the improvement of musical instruments,early art songs,characterized by simplicity and amateur,came into being gradually both in theory and form,which provided a solid foundation for its further development in the 19th century.

Education

American Land-Grant College and its Enlightenment on Higher Vocational Education in China

LI Xiao-Ling

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3):  168-172. 

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LI Xiao-Ling. American Land-Grant College and its Enlightenment on Higher Vocational Education in China[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3): 168-172.

American Land-grant College plays a very important part in the history of American education,especially in the training of technological talents,which has laid a solid foundation for American pragmatic educational principles.Today,although the training of technological talents in China has attracted a wide attention,compared to the growing levels in the developed countries,there is still a long distance in terms of management system,course design,teacher resources,and funding mechanism,etc.Therefore,based on the current situation of our higher vocational education,it is quite necessary to explore some effective strategies from the Land-grant Colleges experiences,which is also a demand for constructing the system of technological talents in China.

Reflections on the Localization of the Theory of Career Guidance

LEI Lei

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3):  173-176. 

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LEI Lei. Reflections on the Localization of the Theory of Career Guidance[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3): 173-176.

Career guidance for college students,as an advanced education theory,has been enthusiastically introduced into our country and initially localized since the end of 1990s.Though positive effect has been achieved,many problems still exist in the process of localization due to the restriction of higher education concept and system.This paper analyzes the factors influencing the localization of the theory,and urges to impel the work so as to boost higher education and train more qualified talents in our country.