Current Issue
Volume 47 Issue 2, 01 March 2026
Party History and Party Construction

The Construction of the Communist Party of China's Democratic Discourse during the Yan'an Period:Contemporary Interpretation and Meaning Remodeling of Traditional Linguistic Resources

WANG Haijun, WANG Xiang
Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences Edition), 2026, 47(2):  1-9. 
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During the Yan'an period,the Communist Party of China,in constructing its democratic discourse,emphasized the adoption of vital linguistic resources from China's fine traditional culture,initially forming a democratic discourse with distinct indigenous characteristics.The Party's democratic discourse of this period contained rich elements from China's fine traditional culture.Expressions such as "the world belongs to all" (天下为公),"valuing harmony and upholding the golden mean" (贵和尚中),"no one can threaten us" (人莫予毒),"fish exist in water" (鱼存于水),"working for and benefiting the people" (为民利民),and "opening wide the channels of speech" (广开言路) not only demonstrated profound historical depth but also conveyed a distinct contemporary relevance,thereby enriching the connotation of the Party's democratic discourse across multiple dimensions.In advancing the localized construction of democratic discourse,the Communist Party of China did not simply transplant or mechanically apply traditional linguistic resources.Instead,it closely aligned with the practical needs of resisting Japanese aggression and saving the nation,as well as the ideal of ensuring the people's mastery over their own affairs,reinterpreting these resources and endowing them with new contemporary significance.The Party's creative adaptation of these traditional linguistic resources enhanced public understanding and identification with its democratic concepts,laid a consensus-based foundation for the political legitimacy of the revolutionary party,and injected powerful ideological momentum into the ultimate victory of the New Democratic Revolution.
The Early Labor Movement Strategies of the Communist Youth League of China (1922-1927)
WANG Jianzhou
Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences Edition), 2026, 47(2):  10-17. 
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Responding to the historical imperative of advancing the Chinese workers' revolutionary movement,the period from 1922 to 1927 marked the "foundational stage" and a "critical period of practice" for the Communist Youth League of China (originally established as the Socialist Youth League of China in 1922 and renamed the Communist Youth League of China in 1925;hereafter referred to as the CYLC),during which the "Party leadership,League implementation" mechanism in labor mobilization gradually took shape.In its formative years,the CYLC prioritized engagement with young workers as one of its central tasks and,in close collaboration with trade unions,adopted multifaceted measures to arouse their class consciousness and revolutionary spirit.Grounded in systematic investigations into young workers' socioeconomic conditions,the CYLC guided them to actively participate in the revolutionary labor movement through trade union channels by focusing on three interrelated dimensions:ideological guidance,organizational mobilization,and interest protection.Specifically,through workers' schools,night classes,and targeted propaganda campaigns,it disseminated Marxist theory to awaken and consolidate class consciousness;it assisted trade unions in refining institutional structures and internal regulations,thereby enabling young workers to act cohesively under the unified leadership of the Party and the CYLC and enhancing the coordination and effectiveness of labor struggles;and it partnered with trade unions to advance economic demands—such as higher wages,shorter working hours,and improved workplace conditions—whose tangible gains not only safeguarded young workers' immediate material interests but also deepened their experiential understanding of collective action,further galvanizing their enthusiasm for sustained participation in the labor movement.Collectively,these efforts laid a solid organizational foundation and institutional groundwork for the long-term development of China's labor movement,contributing to both the historical trajectory of working-class mobilization and the evolving role of youth organizations within China's revolutionary framework.
The Institutional Normative System of Self-Revolution and the Functions of Party Organizations:Intrinsic Consonance and Its Realization
LIU Zongling
Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences Edition), 2026, 47(2):  18-26. 
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The report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) comprehensively outlined the tasks of "improving the institutional normative system for the Party's self-revolution" and "enhancing the political and organizational functions of Party organizations." This strategic deployment constitutes both an intrinsic requirement for maintaining strategic clarity in addressing the unique challenges confronting a large ruling party on the new journey,and a pivotal initiative to pioneer new horizons in major-party governance,thereby inaugurating a new chapter in building a great modern socialist country and realizing national rejuvenation.From the perspective of "grand Party building," a close interconnection exists between improving the institutional normative system of self-revolution and strengthening the political and organizational functions of Party organizations.Their multidimensional interaction manifests a threefold consonance:logically,they are homologous,converging in a shared theoretical foundation and historical lineage;axiologically,they are aligned and mutually reinforcing,establishing value primacy in tackling the distinctive dilemmas of a major party and escaping the "historical cycle;" practically,they operate in synergy,jointly advancing the modernization of intra-Party governance and national governance.On the new journey of Chinese modernization,the practical pathway for translating the Party's political,organizational,and institutional strengths into effective governance capacity is paved by the synergistic integration of five key elements:the leading role of the Party's political authority,the effective guarantee provided by institutional norms that balance stability and adaptability,the embedding of the rule-of-law ethos,the driving force generated by an integrated triadic mechanism,and outcome-oriented evaluation standards.
Special Topic on "Comprehensively Deepening Reform"
Advancing Further and Comprehensive Deepening of Reform with a Systematic Approach:Internal Logic,Essential Requirements,and Practical Pathways
YUAN Jian
Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences Edition), 2026, 47(2):  27-36. 
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The systematic approach—as a concrete methodology derived from Marxist materialist dialectics in the practice of further and comprehensive deepening of reform—is theoretically grounded in the scientific guidance of the Marxist worldview and methodology,historically rooted in the successful experience of reform and opening up under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC),and practically necessitated by the objective demands of addressing complex challenges in comprehensively deepening reform.Applying this approach requires anchoring efforts in the "two overarching situations" and upholding the principle of coordinating all sectors as on a single chessboard.This entails strengthening forward-looking thinking,holistic planning,strategic arrangement,and integrated implementation,thereby continuously enhancing systemic thinking capabilities and coordinated governance capacity.These efforts will transform institutional strengths into effective governance,build a more robust institutional guarantee and governance system for high-quality development,and promote systemic integration,synergy,and efficiency in reforms.To comprehensively advance the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese modernization,it is essential to consistently uphold further and comprehensive deepening of reform as the strategic thread.This requires:(1) adhering to the Party's comprehensive leadership and leveraging its core role in orchestrating the overall situation and coordinating all parties within the systemic framework;(2) focusing on key priorities in implementation to drive overall progress through targeted breakthroughs;and (3) correctly handling five major relationships within the systemic whole—between the economy and society,the government and the market,efficiency and fairness,vitality and order,and development and security.
Xi Jinping's Important Expositions on Comprehensively Deepening Reform:Theoretical Logic,Practical Pathways,and Value Orientation
DING Xinyan
Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences Edition), 2026, 47(2):  37-45. 
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General Secretary Xi Jinping's important expositions on comprehensively deepening reform constitute an integrated system of new insights,view and propositions centered on this pivotal theme.They systematically address fundamental questions concerning the theoretical formation,practical implementation,and value orientation of comprehensively deepening reform in the new era.Theoretically,these expositions represent an inheritance and innovation of the socialist reform theories advanced by classical Marxist writers,a creative transformation of reform-related thought within China's fine traditional culture,a continuation and development of the socialist reform theory with Chinese characteristics,and a critical assimilation of beneficial social reform achievements from human civilization.Practically,these expositions translate scientific theory into concrete practice by adhering to an overarching goal,upholding the principle of the "six musts", focusing on the "fourteen major reform tasks" ,and implementing the methodological approach of the "three greater emphases" .In terms of value orientation,Xi Jinping's important expositions construct a new reform value framework that integrates upholding people-centered development,realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation,and promoting inclusive global development.This framework not only charts the value direction for comprehensively deepening reform in the new era but also offers a Chinese approach to value construction for reforms worldwide.
Special Topic on "Construction of China's Independent Knowledge System"
Core Elements,Basic Principles,and Key Safeguards in Constructing China's Self-Reliant Knowledge System
ZHANG Xianming, QU Chen
Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences Edition), 2026, 47(2):  46-53. 
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A flourishing culture underpins a thriving nation,and a robust culture fortifies the national spirit.The essence of building China into a country with a strong socialist culture lies in enhancing national cultural soft power and spiritual independence,wherein constructing a self-reliant knowledge system serves as a vital force for cultural development and social progress.Independence and self-reliance constitute the core element of this endeavor.Its fundamental aim is to break free from external dependency and establish China's discursive leadership.This necessitates that the construction of a self-reliant knowledge system adhere to independence and self-reliance—maintaining spiritual autonomy,grounding practice firmly in the Chinese context,dialectically synthesizing theoretical critique and construction,and achieving comprehensive integration within the system—thereby genuinely establishing a knowledge system possessing Chinese characteristics,style,and ethos.Scientific rigor and systematicity form the basic principle.The key task is to elevate fragmented knowledge into an organic whole to foster the dynamic growth of the knowledge system.This requires upholding scientific integrity and a systematic approach,achieving their organic unity to construct a knowledge system that is both explanatory and adaptive.A practice-oriented stance acts as the key safeguard.Its value lies in anchoring knowledge in reality and directing it to serve the people.It demands that the self-reliant knowledge system be rooted in China's practices in the new era,identifying and cultivating wellsprings of knowledge growth and innovation,thus elevating Chinese practice into Chinese theory.Together,these three dimensions—the core element,basic principles,and key safeguard—constitute the complete logical framework for constructing a self-reliant knowledge system.They consolidate the spiritual foundation for building a strong socialist culture and powerfully propel China's transition from a "major cultural country" to a "culturally strong nation".

Cultural Confidence as the Guide to Telling China's Story Well:Historical Logic,Value Implications,and Practical Pathways
YAN Wu'er, CHEN Bo
Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences Edition), 2026, 47(2):  54-67. 
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Cultural confidence provides powerful value guidance for telling China's story well,while excelling in this narrative endeavor further manifests and strengthens such confidence.Tracing the historical trajectory reveals its underlying logic:the distinctive continuity of Chinese civilization offers an ontological foundation with an enduring lineage for telling China's story;the cultural stewardship of the Communist Party of China (CPC) constitutes the practical main thread of this undertaking;and the Party's cognitive progression from cultural self-awareness to cultural confidence forms a dynamic mechanism that continuously energizes the innovation and global dissemination of Chinese narratives.Situated within the strategic context of national rejuvenation and unprecedented global transformations,telling China's story well has become imperative for (1) safeguarding the cultural subjectivity of the Chinese nation,(2) comprehensively enhancing China's international discourse power,(3) fostering a strong sense of community among the Chinese people,(4) promoting civilizational exchanges and mutual learning,and (5) driving cultural innovation.As both a significant theoretical and practical task,optimizing its implementation hinges on three core pathways:(1) reshaping narrative content with global significance by drawing on the salient characteristics of Chinese civilization—namely,its continuity,innovativeness,unity,inclusiveness,and peacefulness—to address "what to tell";(2) building a nationwide public diplomacy ecosystem,diversifying communicators,and forging a synergistic communication force to resolve "who tells";and (3) integrating strategic,dialectical,and historical thinking throughout the narrative process,innovating storytelling methods,refining the all-media communication matrix,and leveraging technological empowerment to answer "how to tell".

Special topic on "Confession of guilt and punishment"
The Key Subject of Legislative Amendment of the System of Leniency on Admission of Guilty and Acceptance of Punishment
FAN Chongyi, HU Zhifeng
Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences Edition), 2026, 47(2):  68-76. 
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In practice,it is difficult for duty lawyers to provide substantive help to the accused because of the inadequate exercise of the right to meet,the right to defend,the right to review papers and the difficulty in evaluating the effect. The right to participate in the negotiation and the right to know cannot be guaranteed,and the mechanism of sentencing negotiation among various subjects leads to insufficient negotiation,which further leads to the problem of voluntary protection of guilty plea. In order to improve the voluntary guarantee mechanism of guilty plea,it is necessary to provide corresponding systems or measures to cope with the fourth revision of the "Criminal Procedure Law". We should strictly implement the criminal policy of combining leniency with severity and the trial-centered concept,promote judicial modernization,and then legalize the scope and functions of duty lawyers' legal help,and comprehensively protect the accused's right to know and right to participate through legislation. At the same time,it is necessary to improve the consultation system of sentencing proposals as a whole,adhere to the principle of division of responsibilities,mutual cooperation and mutual restriction among the three organs of the "Public Security Law",and clarify the relative autonomy of people’s courts in adopting sentencing proposals.
On the Optimization and Institutional Enhancement of Discretionary Non-Prosecution in Guilty Plea and Acceptance of Punishment Cases:A Perspective on Minor Offense Governance
WU Hongyao, LIANG Yan
Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences Edition), 2026, 47(2):  77-89. 
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To align with structural shifts in criminal offending,the leniency system for guilty pleas and acceptance of punishment should be further optimized and institutionally refined during the upcoming fourth amendment to the Criminal Procedure Law.Against the backdrop of a sustained rise in minor offenses and correspondingly lenient sentencing,discretionary non-prosecution—embodying values such as procedural efficiency,avoidance of stigmatizing labels,and restoration of social relations—demonstrates distinct advantages in addressing minor offense cases.Given the mutual reinforcement between discretionary non-prosecution and the guilty plea leniency system,the operational effectiveness of the former in handling minor guilty plea cases warrants further enhancement.In light of prevalent practical challenges—including ambiguous provisions in normative documents,imbalances between prosecutorial power and rights protection,and misconceptions about discretionary non-prosecution—the application of this mechanism to minor guilty plea cases can be systematically regulated through three dimensions:scope definition,procedural design,and power constraint.Normatively,guided by the criminal policy of tempering justice with mercy,a necessity-of-prosecution review should be institutionalized to promptly divert cases deemed "unnecessary for prosecution" out of the criminal process,with unified standards established through guiding cases.Procedurally,internal approval workflows for discretionary non-prosecution should be streamlined,while external mechanisms for referring cases back to administrative authorities and for prosecution-defense negotiation should be strengthened.In terms of oversight,a neutral judicial body should be designated to conduct independent judicial review of procuratorial decisions on non-prosecution,with clear procedural safeguards codified in law.
Literature
The Generative Logic and Realist Turn of Genre-Based Narration in Chinese Online Literature
YU Jianxiang, YAN Shuxun
Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences Edition), 2026, 47(2):  90-97. 
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The genre-based narration of Chinese online literature has emerged under the highly market-driven logic of digital platforms.Although literary categorization has historical roots in traditional Chinese literary theory,contemporary platforms institutionalize it through genre-specific columns,content tagging,and ranking mechanisms,thereby reinforcing distinct narrative patterns within defined genres.The proliferation and refinement of these genres are direct outcomes of market-validated platform categorization.Online literary creation is by nature an ongoing,open-ended process,continuously co-shaped by platform algorithms and reader feedback,which further entrenches genre conventions.However,the prolonged stability of these conventions has led to aesthetic fatigue,prompting a self-initiated narrative shift in works originally oriented toward delivering "shuanggan" (爽感,a reader-centric sense of pleasurable excitement).Through adaptive strategies—including the recalibration of "shuang points" (爽点,gratification triggers) and the functional evolution of the "golden finger" (jīnshǒuzhǐ,金手指,a narrative device granting protagonists extraordinary advantages)—genre-based narration has transcended established templates,fostering innovation under the logic of shuanggan.As the online literature industry matures,the widespread cross-media adaptation of works and IPs has incentivized narrative forms that actively accommodate transmedia production requirements.Driven by diverse formats such as television dramas,online games,and script-based immersive experiences,genre writing increasingly prioritizes script-friendly adaptation,systemic coherence,and visual adaptability.This transformation not only reshapes the content and form of online literature but also deepens its embeddedness as a cultural commodity within industrial chains,marking an evolutionary shift from platform-driven genre formation to industry-coordinated narrative production.

Philosophy
On the Deeds of the Philosopher:Philosophy and Politics in Plato's Apology of Socrates
CHENG Zhimin
Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences Edition), 2026, 47(2):  98-105. 
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The philosopher is by no means idle;philosophical contemplation and writing constitute a profound form of action.In seeking and defending truth,philosophers render essential service to the ethical sustenance of the community.The notion of "non-action" (wu-wei) signifies not passivity but the proper fulfillment of one's role—when each performs their duty,harmony prevails in the world.Socrates' abstention from direct political engagement may appear as withdrawal,yet it was neither self-serving nor mere personal cultivation;rather,it embodied a selfless commitment to the city-state's moral fabric.This paradox epitomizes the fundamental tension between philosophy and politics:philosophy cannot directly serve the city's immediate interests,and the political life,grounded in the mean,resists philosophy's radical demands.Nevertheless,the philosopher cannot disengage from the city.How philosophy may support the polis—and how the polis ought to receive philosophy—requires exceptional political wisdom.Human existence is inherently ek-static,an outward projection beyond the self;thus,the philosopher's self-actualization must be rooted in worldly engagement.Contemplation itself is a supreme deed,whose significance lies in legislating for human life—the highest expression of "action through non-action." By distancing himself from mundane affairs,the philosopher better serves the city,establishing teachings grounded in the fundamental Way,elevating the soul's quality,and orienting human conduct.The philosopher links the heavenly Way above,embodies the kingly Way at the center,and nurtures human order below.At least in the domain of education—the foremost concern of classical political philosophy—the philosopher bears the weighty responsibility of shaping and preserving society.Hence,compared with direct political participation,genuine philosophy possesses a distinct dignity and represents a higher form of life.

The Specter of Utility and the Iron Cage of Algorithm:Three Ethical Paradoxes of Technological Utilitarianism
YANG Hua
Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences Edition), 2026, 47(2):  106-115. 
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Algorithms,characterized by digital reductionism and result-oriented technicality,have converged with the utilitarian imperative of "maximizing utility" under the impetus of capital logic,forging an algorithmic "iron cage" rooted in technological utilitarianism.This synergy inherently intensifies three ethical paradoxes in practice,thereby subverting the core value commitments of technological utilitarianism itself.First,while purporting to liberate humanity from tedious labor,it corrosively alienates human values,human life,and human rationality.Second,while seeking to eliminate uncertainties inherent in human moral deliberation through ostensibly reliable processes,it concurrently erodes the very locus of moral accountability.Third,in employing disciplinary power to ostensibly elevate collective welfare,it instead perpetuates structural social injustice.These paradoxes not only expose the internal tensions within the ethical framework of technological utilitarianism but also highlight the fundamental contradiction between its utility-first principle and the comprehensive development of human beings.Given the pervasive application and profound influence of algorithmic technology in contemporary society,it is imperative to fundamentally scrutinize and reconstruct its underlying ethical logic.Only by supplementing the technological-utilitarian stance with pluralistic ethical principles can the algorithmic iron cage be truly dismantled.

Management science
The Impact of Corporate Green Culture on Carbon Risk:Evidence from China's A-Share Listed Companies (2010-2022)
WANG Dayun
Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences Edition), 2026, 47(2):  116-127. 
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As an informal institutional vehicle within enterprises,green culture reshapes the paradigm of corporate carbon risk management through value embedding and strategic synergy.Responding to the national strategic imperative of the "Dual Carbon" goals,this study integrates corporate green culture and carbon risk management into a unified theoretical framework.Based on a sample of China's A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2022,we examine the mechanism through which corporate green culture influences carbon risk and the moderating role of supply chain resilience.The results indicate:First,corporate green culture significantly reduces both carbon business risk and carbon regulatory risk,thereby lowering overall corporate carbon risk.This suggests that building a green culture system plays a crucial role in carbon risk governance.Second,supply chain resilience positively moderates the effect of green culture on carbon risk,with both supply chain resistance and recovery capacity strengthening the carbon risk mitigation effect of green culture.Third,factors such as executives' environmental awareness,whether the enterprise is located in a low-carbon pilot city,the level of government green auditing,and industry characteristics further amplify the above effects.The study reveals the underlying mechanisms and contextual factors through which corporate green culture reduces carbon risk,contributing to the literature on the environmental governance effects of green culture and providing micro-level evidence and practical insights for corporate carbon risk mitigation.
The Impact Mechanism of Retailers' Sustainable Behaviors on Consumer Advocacy:An Affective Perspective
WANG Xingxin
Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences Edition), 2026, 47(2):  128-142. 
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As enterprises that interact directly with consumers retailers' sustainable behaviors play a crucial role not only in advancing the global sustainability agenda but also in profoundly influencing consumer decision-making,albeit through complex mechanisms.However,extant research has predominantly examined the impact of such behaviors from a rational-cognitive perspective,largely neglecting the critical role of non-rational affective factors.Drawing on data from 685 consumer respondents,this study proposes and tests a serial mediation model in which retailers' sustainable behaviors influence consumer advocacy through two affective constructs—consumer admiration and consumer affective commitment—and further examines the moderating role of consumer ecological literacy.The results show that retailers'' sustainable behaviors significantly enhance consumer advocacy.This effect operates primarily through the individual and sequential mediating roles of consumer admiration and consumer affective commitment.Moreover,consumer ecological literacy positively and significantly moderates the serial mediation process.By uncovering this affective pathway through which sustainable behaviors foster consumer advocacy,this study not only enriches the literature on how retailers' sustainable behaviors shapes consumer responses but also offers practical insights for retailers to design effective sustainable marketing strategies.
Artificial intelligence and big data
The Duality of Generative AI in Shaping Youth Values and Strategies for Reclaiming Youth Agency
YANG Liangqi, YANG Po
Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences Edition), 2026, 47(2):  143-152. 
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Generative artificial intelligence (AI),characterized by its efficient content generation and widespread accessibility,is increasingly intervening in the process of youth value shaping,thereby profoundly influencing how young people develop their value systems.Interactions between youth and generative AI exhibit a pronounced duality,manifesting in three interrelated dimensions:(1) an intertwining of enhanced understanding and potential misguidance in comprehending core values;(2) a complex coexistence of ambition and passivity in forming life orientations;and (3) a deep entanglement of normative conduct and behavioral deviance in enacting values.This duality arises from the convergence of three key dynamics:the positive reinforcement afforded by AI's convenience and personalized interactivity;the negative amplification driven by data biases and algorithmic discrimination;and the developmental vulnerability of youth,whose cognitive frameworks and worldviews remain in flux.To navigate this challenge,a coordinated approach is required:establishing an inclusive yet prudent government regulatory framework,embedding value alignment into corporate AI development,and fostering a coherent educational environment that offers principled guidance.Together,these strategies can steer generative AI toward positive empowerment,enabling youth to uphold sound value cognition,cultivate lofty life aspirations,and act in ways that align with socialist core values in their ongoing engagement with AI technologies.
New Age New Youth New Academy:Doctoral Forum
"Conjugate Drive":Party Building Guidance and Digital Empowerment in Urban Community Grid Governance—A Case Study of the "Micro-Grid and Solid Grid" Model in Community A,City C
ZHANG Mingxin
Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences Edition), 2026, 47(2):  152-166. 
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The efficacy of urban community grid governance is increasingly shaped by the deep integration of Party building guidance and digital empowerment.In this study,we conceptualize their interaction through a framework termed the "conjugate effect"—a process wherein institutional and technological logics mutually reinforce one another within a shared operational space.Party building guidance provides value orientation,ethical boundaries,and accountability structures for digital tools,while digital systems enhance governance reach and adaptability by mapping social networks and optimizing information flows.This synergy generates a dynamic of reciprocal adaptation:political principles are translated into governance norms to ensure value alignment,and real-time feedback enables Party organizations to refine policies and strengthen resilience.Over time,this co-evolution fosters a robust local governance ecology,yielding improvements in efficiency,order,and community development.We refer to this analytical perspective as "conjugate theory", emphasizing that sustainable governance efficacy arises only when the institutional rationality of Party leadership and the operational logic of digital systems converge around public value—thereby reinforcing political legitimacy,technical reasonableness,and social acceptance.
The Local Realization of the Pattern of Unity in Diversity:Cultural Contact and Ethnicity Construction among the Gelong People in Hainan
FANG Ling
Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences Edition), 2026, 47(2):  167-176. 
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The Gelong people are a Li-Han hybrid community residing in the lower reaches of the Changhua River on Hainan Island.Officially classified as Han Chinese in China's ethnic identification system,they speak Cunhua (commonly referred to as "Village Language"),a language belonging to the Li branch of the Tai-Kadai family.This disjunction between official identity and linguistic-cultural practice underscores the socially constructed nature of their ethnicity.The Gelong emerged historically—from the Song and Yuan dynasties onward—as a product of Hainan Island's role as a "cultural contact zone", shaped by the triadic interplay of intermarriage between Han military colonists (juntun) and indigenous Li groups,sustained cultural fusion,and evolving state governance.Linguistically,Cunhua exhibits a stratified structure:a Li substratum overlaid with a Chinese superstratum.Kinship terminology further reflects this hybridity—patrilineal terms are sinicized,while matrilineal terms retain Li forms—corroborating historical patterns of asymmetric intermarriage.Marriage rituals creatively synthesize Han numerological divination (ren suan,"human calculation") and Li phenological omens (tian yan,"heavenly verification"),establishing a dual-track legitimization mechanism.Socially,the Nü'erfang ("Daughters' House",a cultural arena mediating between social freedom and ritual norms) evolved from the Li longgui ("communal youth dormitory") by incorporating Han ethical norms,thereby functioning as a cultural arena that mediates between indigenous social freedom and Confucian ritual discipline.Gelong ethnicity was thus forged through internal cultural integration and pragmatic identity strategies—presenting as Han in interactions with state authorities while maintaining Li affiliations in local contexts—culminating in their institutional classification as Han during modern ethnic identification.This case vividly illustrates the dynamic,processual nature of ethnic formation and provides both theoretical insight and empirical grounding for understanding how the Chinese nation's "unity in diversity" is locally realized through cultural negotiation and institutional adaptation.
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