The four global initiatives, namely the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, the Global Civilization Initiative and the Global Governance Initiative, represent a systematic practical framework through which China, as an emerging norm-advocating actor, supplies normative resources to the international community and embodies the core attributes of international norms. As a typical form of broad-domain norm supply, the four global initiatives take development, security, civilization and governance as their coordinates under a unified value framework. Oriented toward building a human community with a shared future and centered on the common values of all humanity, they form a norm-cluster structure featuring differentiation in domains and unity in values. The four global initiatives construct a progressive structure covering four dimensions: foundation, safeguard, values and procedure. Foundational norm supply establishes the material precondition of development priority; safeguard norm supply consolidates the security environment; value-oriented norm supply builds cross-civilizational consensus on legitimacy; and procedural norm supply provides an institutional vehicle for the other three dimensions. All these dimensions are underpinned by solid practices of global cooperation. Drawing on the common values of all humanity, the four global initiatives reconstruct the legitimacy foundation of international norms and help resolve the normative-legitimacy deficit brought about by Western-centric monopoly. With all-domain and systematically coordinated normative resources, they fill the norm-supply gap in global governance and facilitate the transition of norm supply from fragmentation toward integration. Through substitutive norm supply, they remove barriers to normative change and advance the democratization of the international norm system. The four global initiatives offer a systematic response to the triple predicament of structural imbalance, functional failure and blocked change within the existing norm system, and generate sustained impetus for the international normative order to evolve toward greater justice and equity.

Traditional Chinese ecological thought crystallizes the ecological wisdom passed down among the Chinese nation. While sustaining the continuous development of the Chinese nation, it faces the urgent task of modern transformation. At the ontological level, Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization realizes the dialectical unity of objective regularity and subjective initiative, completing the modern transformation of the ancient Chinese outlook on the unity of humanity and nature. At the axiological level, it achieves the dialectical unity of ecological ethics and ecological governance and modernizes the ancient notion that all people are siblings and all things are companions, which was rooted purely in ethical concern. At the level of development outlook, it realizes the dialectical unity between protecting and developing productive forces and modernizes the traditional Chinese idea of sustainable development embodied by restraint in the taking and use of resources. At the methodological level, it achieves the dialectical unity of ecological worldview and ecological methodology and updates the ancient empirical wisdom of cultivating all things with surplus vital energy. At the level of governance theory, it realizes the dialectical unity between stringent ecological institutions and effective ecological governance and modernizes the institutional governance represented by the ancient yuheng offices responsible for mountains, forests, lakes and marshes. Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization has promoted the creative transformation and innovative development of traditional Chinese ecological thought and accomplished its modern-day transformation.

In advancing the modernization of national governance, power supervision serves as a crucial mechanism for maintaining a sound political ecosystem. The deep coupling of artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain technology can reshape the operational logic of power supervision at the technical foundation and build a new digital-supervision model characterized by trustworthiness, intelligence and traceability. Drawing on its features of decentralization, tamper-resistance, transparency, traceability and smart contracts, blockchain establishes a trusted foundation for the exercise of power, while AI endows supervision with intelligent capabilities through intelligent verification, anomaly early-warning and multi-dimensional correlation analysis. The two technologies generate synergistic empowering effects at three levels: information transparency and source verification, real-time monitoring and anomaly early-warning, and evidence consolidation and precise accountability. To implement this model in practice, a coordinated tripartite advancement path should be constructed covering the data-management platform, whole-process traceability system, and leadership and working mechanisms. Building an artificial-intelligence-plus-blockchain data-management platform constitutes the fundamental premise to supply high-quality and trustworthy data for supervision. Constructing a technology-integrated whole-process traceability system acts as a key lever to realize full-chain dynamic monitoring of power-related conduct and retrospective accountability. Improving corresponding leadership systems and working mechanisms provides an important guarantee for reconciling technological innovation and institutional adaptation. These three pathways progress sequentially and interlock closely. They jointly facilitate the effective operation of the long-term mechanism ensuring officials dare not, cannot and have no desire to engage in corruption, and provide solid support for improving the quality and effectiveness of power supervision.

The Five-Year Plan system is a key institutional arrangement for national governance, formed in long-term development practice through continuous readjustment of government-market relations. Its core function is to realize the organic unity between the efficiency of resource allocation and macroeconomic regulatory capacity. In terms of institutional evolution, the system has shifted from a planning model where the government dominated resource allocation toward a governance paradigm underpinned by the decisive role of the market and optimized government functions. Within its institutional framework, value orientation, mission, strategic linkage, overall coordination, openness and innovation constitute the core institutional advantages. They effectively integrate the Party’s strategic intentions with the interests and demands of the people, guarantee the orderly transition from long-term strategic deployment to phased objectives, and achieve dialectical unity in institutional operation through overall planning, multi-party coordination, independent exploration and experience-based learning. On this basis, operating mechanisms of political guidance, strategic adjustment, overall coordination, legal safeguards, as well as evaluation and feedback interconnect with one another. They translate institutional advantages into governance capacity through the coordinated operation of government macro-regulation and market mechanisms, laying a solid institutional foundation for high-quality economic and social development.

The scientific formulation and consistent implementation of Five-Year Plans represent an important approach through which the Party exercises state governance. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Communist Party of China has consistently guided improvements in people’s well-being through Five-Year Plans, providing strong impetus for advancing socialist modernization and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. It has accumulated basic experience including upholding the Party’s overall leadership over well-being-related work, adhering to a people-centered philosophy in such work, maintaining two-way interaction between economic development and well-being improvement, organically combining goal-orientation with problem-orientation, and upholding dialectical unity between overall advancement and key breakthroughs. As the 15th Five-Year Plan inaugurates a new journey at a historical turning-point connecting past and future, the guiding role of Five-Year Plans should be fully leveraged. We shall take high-quality development as the main theme to consolidate the foundation of people’s well-being; take solid progress toward common prosperity for all as the orientation to share well-being gains; take effective resolution of the people’s pressing difficulties and concerns as the starting point to enhance well-being outcomes; and take continuous improvement of basic public services as support to strengthen the underpinnings of people’s well-being. These efforts will continuously write new chapters of the era in well-being-oriented development.

While criticizing the capitalist system and studying the theory of surplus value, Marx and Engels envisioned a blueprint for socialism, whose core lies in scientifically revealing and critically transcending the logic of capital. In leading the Chinese people through socialist practice and theoretical innovation, the Communist Party of China has always maintained a scientific understanding of the essence, behavioral laws and internal mechanisms behind the logic of capital, and committed itself to properly regulating and guiding the sound development of capital. Aimed at constructing a high-level socialist market economic system, the basic socialist economic system effectively regulates the logic of capital and appropriately guides its value-related and civilization tensions. To safeguard social fairness and justice, socialism comprehensively controls the power forms of capital across diverse fields. Guided by the free and all-round development of the broad masses of people, socialism directs the sound spatial development of various capital forms under a people-centered logic, thereby realizing affirmative absorption and critical transformation of the logic of capital.

Capital-accumulation logic within Western digital capitalism has severely eroded space for human development and given rise to profound subjectivity-related predicaments. Externally, such predicaments manifest as omnipresent labor, manipulated consumption, encoded identities and the reduction of human life to bare life. Collectively they produce pathological symptoms including eroded autonomy, distorted agency, dissolved authenticity and shackled development. Rooted in the projection of capitalist private ownership onto the digital age, digital-means-of-production private monopoly intensifies exploitative mechanisms; algorithmic manipulation reshapes alienated production relations; capital capture of power triggers governance failures; and digital fetishism completes cultural domination. By contrast, the system of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics adheres to people-centered principles. Through formal confirmation of data-related rights, ethical algorithm regulation, overall Party leadership and guidance from core socialist values, it builds new digital-governance forms that transcend capital-centered logic. This Chinese approach effectively avoids subjectivity-alienation traps and opens a new civilization path where technology serves the free and all-round development of human beings.

The essence of community resilience lies in the effective interaction among actors, governance tools, and situations,manifesting in diverse forms such as personal safety,smooth transition, and technical practicality.The shaping of community resilience in mega-cities follows multiple logics,namely risk acceptance, structural adjustment,and technology compensation.Specifically,the logic of risk acceptance offers actors a fresh perspective on risk perception,emphasizing that,on the premise of situational self-awareness,actors should rationally view the uncertainty of risk.Structural adjustment is an action logic that drives actors to adjust their actor network so that the organizational structure achieves horizontal flexibility and effective vertical reach,thereby adapting to situational changes and matching appropriate governance tools;it is also the key to shaping community resilience in mega-cities.Technology compensation,as the operational logic of shaping community resilience in mega-cities,reveals the future trends and inherent requirements of tool innovation and digital-intelligence empowerment under the overarching requirement of urban governance modernization.The triple logics have their inherent driving force for action,yet each has its own limitations.The triple shaping logics reveal the essential requirement for improving the community resilience of megacities through the combined effects of socio-psychological identity,improved institutional frameworks,and innovative production tools.

Frequent multiple-emergency events and their dissemination within deeply mediatized environments substantially aggravate public psychological-security risks and challenge traditional social-risk-governance models dominated by physical rescue and administrative control. Systematic analysis of mediatized-dissemination features for multiple emergencies shows that collective psychological-security-risk generation constitutes a dynamic process where physical event stimuli gradually evolve into broad-based social-psychological crises. This process unfolds across four phases: event impact, media amplification, emotional contagion, and cognitive bias. Deep media involvement in risk evolution grants the media dual roles within governance structures beyond the traditional information-intermediary function: the media operate both as governance subjects with agenda-setting, public-opinion-supervision and consensus-building capacities, and as governance instruments for information transmission, public-opinion assessment and social mobilization. To build mediated-governance models for collective psychological-security risks, public psychological security should be taken as core governance objective. Public trust and psychological resilience shall be strengthened through transparent and authoritative information supply, interpretable risk communication and accessible psychological services. The model emphasizes collaborative governance among government bodies, media outlets, platforms, experts and the general public. It promotes linkage and coupling across three layers: institutional-layer policies, regulations and ethical norms; platform-layer artificial-intelligence and big-data technical systems; and practical-layer risk communication and psychological intervention. It forms a four-step technical-governance closed-loop covering data monitoring, intelligent assessment, precise intervention and effect evaluation, ultimately shifting mediated governance from post-event response toward whole-process coverage.

Prior detention constitutes an important component of coordination mechanisms between supervisory and procuratorial organs and exhibits functional dual-opposition. On one hand, as a connecting measure between supervision and criminal procedures, prior detention guarantees sufficient review time for procedural conversion and accommodates practical case-handling needs, thus serving strong pragmatic functions. On the other hand, as a custodial-detention-related linkage measure, its application fails to account for differing conditions among custodial measures and changing personal social dangerousness. Equivalence between supervision-case detention and arrest gradually weakens as litigation procedures advance. Given the irreplaceable pragmatic value of prior detention and the necessity to improve procedural standing for prosecuted persons, retaining prior detention remains reasonable. As a transitional coordination instrument between supervisory and procuratorial organs, prior detention represents a best-available practical choice rather than a perfect institutional design. The amended Supervision Law of the People’s Republic of China establishes a hierarchical system of supervisory compulsory measures yet fails to stipulate conversion mechanisms among different compulsory-measure categories. A principle of restraint governing prior-detention application is still absent, which contradicts basic proportionality-principle requirements. From a relative-rationalism perspective and to implement proportionality, mechanisms for reviewing detention necessity within supervision cases should be constructed, and excessive prior-detention application shall be indirectly controlled by lowering detention ratios in later-stage supervision procedures.

Construction of the autonomous knowledge system of Chinese administrative law receives direct impetus from theoretical innovation rooted in local rule-of-law practice. Practical undertakings such as digital-government development, comprehensive law-enforcement reform and codification continuously generate new knowledge hardly covered under traditional theoretical frameworks. This drives theoretical research to shift from transplantation-borrowing modes toward autonomous-construction modes. Currently, such construction faces three obstacles: insufficient theoretical integration leads to research fragmentation; limited research-method diversity constrains explanatory capacity for complex practice; disconnection between legal education and real-world practice hinders inter-generational knowledge transmission. To overcome these barriers, coordinated efforts should be made at three levels. First, distinctive concepts shall be distilled from local practical cases to build analytical frameworks connecting phenomenon description, problem interpretation and institutional norms. Second, multi-disciplinary tools including law-and-economics, public administration and sociology shall be integrated to construct verification-and-correction feedback loops linking theory and practice. Third, through curriculum-restructuring, textbook upgrading, faculty transformation and evaluation-system reform, cutting-edge academic achievements and rule-of-law practical experience shall be systematically converted into teaching content. Benign interaction linking academic research, rule-of-law practice and legal education forms the institutional foundation sustaining vitality for the administrative-law autonomous knowledge system. Legal education in particular plays a critical role in knowledge screening, integration and inter-generational transmission.

Empowered by self-attention mechanisms within pre-trained language models, generative artificial intelligence demonstrates powerful linguistic capabilities. Nevertheless, concerning judicial application, its textual-meaning determination function cannot fully align with judicial adjudication practice. Legal semantic theory mistakenly frames semantic disputes as the core of legal conflicts and ignores that legal disputes essentially turn on axiological-theoretical controversies. This obscures the core dimension of judicial adjudication, namely exploring value implications embedded within legal norms, and generates theoretical misunderstandings regarding artificial-intelligence judicial deployment. In hard cases, gaps emerge between rule semantics and substantive normative values. When formal linguistic meanings of legal rules diverge from substantive value intentions behind underlying legal norms, core judicial work shifts toward interpreting substantive normative meanings. Therefore, generative artificial intelligence lacks capacity for in-depth substantive-level understanding of legal values and cannot independently render judicial decisions. Accordingly, future legal artificial-intelligence tools should position themselves as instrumental aids within judicial practice and mainly apply to simple-case handling scenarios.

Economic-development history since the founding of the People’s Republic of China essentially records interactive evolution between advancing modernization drives and adaptive economic-system reform, showing dynamic adaptation whereby modernization drives economic-system reform and economic-system reform empowers modernization progress. Four holistic evolutionary phases and multiple sub-stages can be identified: the conception of new-democratic industrialization and establishment of the new-democratic economic system (1949-1952); repeated readjustment of heavy-industry-oriented modernization models and frequent revisions to the planned-economy system (1953-1978); pioneering development of Chinese Modernization alongside establishment and improvement of the socialist-market-economy system (1979-2012); and expansion and upgrading of Chinese Modernization accompanied by comprehensive deepening of reform driven by economic-system transformation (2013-present). Such logically-coupled dialectical relationships constitute key foundations for China’s two major miracles. Looking ahead, we must accurately grasp laws governing socialist-modernization advancement. In further comprehensively deepening reform, we shall uphold and strengthen the Party’s overall leadership, maintain dialectical unity between goal-orientation and problem-orientation, adhere to people-centered value orientations, realize organic coordination between an effective market and a well-functioning government, apply systematic thinking and the principle of upholding fundamentals while breaking new ground, and properly handle dialectical relationships among reform, development and stability.

Based on the DEA-BCC model, this paper measures agricultural-product cold-chain-logistics efficiency across 31 provincial-level administrative regions of China from 2011 to 2022 from input-output dimensions. It employs the Dagum-Gini-coefficient decomposition method to discuss regional-efficiency gaps and their sources, and applies kernel-density estimation to investigate dynamic evolutionary features of China’s agricultural-product cold-chain-logistics efficiency. The results show three major findings. First, overall agricultural-product cold-chain-logistics efficiency in China exhibited upward trends during the sample period yet displayed obvious regional disparities, forming a spatial pattern with stronger performance in eastern and central regions, moderate levels in the northeastern region, and weaker outcomes in western regions. Second, the overall Gini coefficient for cold-chain-logistics efficiency declined, indicating alleviated inter-regional imbalance; transvariation intensity represents the principal source of efficiency differentials. Third, efficiency polarization exists both nationwide and within the four major regions, though such polarization had been mitigated by 2022.

Rapid advances in generative artificial intelligence (AI) have given rise to the post-truth recursive effect. Essentially, it results from deep coupling among technological alienation, capital logic and ideological manipulation within the digital-intelligent era. At the technological level, corpus dependence and circular feedback allow informational bias to continuously accumulate and intensify throughout the generation-reception-and-regeneration process. At the capital level, data concentration and platform dominance under capitalist private ownership incorporate cognitive activities into value-augmentation processes, pushing cognitive exploitation from outcome appropriation toward in-process embedding. At the ideological level, algorithmic intermediaries reorganize discursive power and consolidate cognitive structures through selective presentation and implicit guidance. Combined, these mechanisms render the post-truth recursive effect practically visible through viral chains of disinformation, precise shaping of consumerist desires, and the incitement of historical nihilism. It follows that post-truth issues have evolved from communication bias toward structural problems embedded within cognitive-production modes. Their root causes lie in capitalized intelligent technologies under digital-capitalist conditions and in contradictions between increasingly socialized cognitive production and private ownership of cognitive-production means. Accordingly, the post-truth recursive effect serves as concentrated evidence of capital-logic expansion into cognitive spheres and of erosion over subject autonomy.