Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences Edition)

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Construction of New Typological Genealogy of Text-paratext Symbiotic Narrative Theory

GUO Jianfei

Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences Edition) 2024, 45 (4): 115-125. DOI: 10.13438/j.cnki.jdxb.2024.04.012

Abstract （137）

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In various literary works and their surroundings,paratextual elements are ubiquitous,and their narrative roles vary in strength and visibility depending on their proximity to the text's center.Based on the distance from the center of the text,all paratextual elements can be categorized into 3 distinct types with clear boundaries:formal and symbol paratexts located at the center of the text,characterized by the "duality" of having both text and paratexts attributes,play a highly concealed equivalent narrative role and form a blending symbiotic narrative relationship with the text;specific content paratexts near the center of the text,characterized by collaborative features with adjacent specific content,play a relatively apparent auxiliary narrative role and form an adjacency symbiotic narrative relationship with the text;special distance paratexts far from the center of the text,characterized by complementary features that interact and contrast with the text's theme,play the most prominent coordinating narrative role and form a distancing symbiotic narrative relationship with the text.The inherent and universal presence of paratextual elements at varying distances from the center of the text in literary works and their surroundings makes the construction of a typological genealogy of text-paratext symbiotic narrative theory,based on the logical framework of "position-type-feature-role-relationship",which not only clarifies the boundary problem of paratexts,but also has its distinctive universal application value.

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The Attribute of 是 (shi) and 的 (de) in Chinese Cleft Sentences and the Determinants of Cleft Constructions

BAI Lan

Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences Edition) 2023, 44 (3): 130-135. DOI: 10.13438/j.cnki.jdxb.2023.03.012

Abstract （615）

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This paper examines the determinants of Chinese cleft constructions with 是 (shi) and 的 (de).The core findings are as follows.There exist two categories of shi in the shi...de construction,with focal or predicative functions respectively.Sentences with a focal shi can be defined as cleft sentences. First, the form is "shi+S+（Ad）+V+（de）+O +（de）" or "S+shi+（Ad）+V+（de）+O+（de）".Second,shi is unstressed with no specific meaning,thus having no impact on the sentence structure once removed.In contrast to shi,de does not mark the focus of a sentence and can be omitted in many cases,and it can be placed at the end or in the middle of a sentence.Third, both shi and de are conducive in narrow the focal scale but cannot pin down the focus.The predicative shi is usually stressed in a cleft sentence,meaning "indeed" and having the attribute of a verb,hence cannot be omitted.

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Report of Survey of Ancient Miao’s Character in Chengbu of Shaoyang City

LONG Shi-Ping, ZENG Xiao-Guang, XIAO Qing

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2013, 34 (1): 120-123. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-4074.2013.01.020

Abstract （1813）

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Whether there were any characters in the ancient Miao People is always a myth before we found Miao’s characters at the moment.Lately,the author had discovered more than 100 stones with inscription in the field investigation into Dankou Town of Chengbu.The characters inscripted on these stones are very similar to the ancient Miao’s characters in ancient documents and folk-balladry,to the Miao’s character widely used during the insurrectionary army of Miao People in Ming and Qing Dynasty,to some folk Miao’s characters recently used in common.The characters inscripted on stones belong to the ancient Miao people which lost for two and a half centuries.So the conception “there weren’t characters but only spoken language” should be under discuss.

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On the Construction of Subjectivity and Inter-Subjectivity of the Chinese “buguo”

GAO Li

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2013, 34 (1): 124-128. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-4074.2013.01.021

Abstract （1968）

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“Guo” in ancient Chinese functions as predicate meaning for the passage of time or passing of a place,which showcases its objective semantic component.“Buguo” in Chinese,which is the negation of “guo”,instantiates a relation of adverbial modifying the predicate.In actual usage,“buguo” is lexicalized and extends its meaning from “within a certain limit” to “only” which expresses speaker’s attitude and affection.When the two clauses linked by “buguo” show contradictory semantics,the meaning of contrast is entailed,thus accompanied by the process of “buguo” becoming a conjunction from adverb with the intersubjective function of regulating the hearer’s cognitive state.On the whole,from predicate to adverb and finally to the conjunction,“buguo” undergoes the construction of subjectivity and intersubjectivity.

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The Aspect Markers of “Gonɡde N（羾得N）”and “Zai N(在N）” in Xiangtan Dialect

GONG Na

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2012, 33 (2): 169-172. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-4074.2012.02.032

Abstract （2494）

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There are two aspect markers,which are “gonɡde N（羾得N）”and “zai N（在N）”in Xiangtan dialect.“Gonɡ（羾）” and “zai（在）”can be used as verbs and prepositions.The former which highlights the dynamic context,can only access the object of location and does not take time object.The latter is opposite.Both “ɡonɡde N（羾得N）” and “zai N（在N）”are quasi-aspect markers.The former can only be located in the syntactic configuration before the verb structure,meaning the progressive in semantic,and is used for casual occasions in pragmatic function with low level of grammaticalization;the latter can be located before or after the verb,meaning the progressive and continuous with less limited pragmatic function and slightly higher degree of grammaticalization.

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On the Two Bases of the Truth of Translation

ZHANG Jian, ZHANG Yan-Yu, YI Lai-Bin

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2012, 33 (2): 173-176. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-4074.2012.02.033

Abstract （2269）

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The principle of translation is one of the hot topics in the field of translation studies.It is thought that the principle of translation is the principle of truth of translation,which lies not in the functional equivalence but in the cognition of cultures,and that the real cognition of cultures must rely on scientific methods.From this,it can be said that linguistics is the basis of the truth of translation and cognition of cultures is its guideline.

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Study of the Future Development Trend of the Subject of Physical Education and Training in China

BAI Jin-Xiang

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2012, 33 (1): 153-156. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-4074.2012.01.033

Abstract （2863）

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Physical education and training course (PE) at present is faced with problems such as too saturated,uneven development level and lack of features.The focus of PE in its future development is to serve the competitive sports among universities,which shall change gradually from the current sports teachers’ culture to provide scientific and technological support for competitive sports.For the perfection of disciplinary system,PE should develop the recreational sports and national traditional sports inside,and continue to absorb concept and essence from other social,natural subjects.At the same time,the discipline of PE shall maintain its relative independence.

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A New Understanding of “Zhishi”(one of the six categories of Chinese characters)

TANG Sheng-Zhou

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2012, 33 (1): 164-167. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-4074.2012.01.036

Abstract （2510）

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The concept of “zhishi ”(指事,one of the six categories of Chinese characters) was defined as “shierkeshi,chaerjianyi”(视而可识，察而见意),referring to distinguish and know the meaning by observing the Chinese characters.Here,“shi” (识)has been understood as “to know”,causing semantic repetition and divergence.In fact,“shi” (识) should be interpreted as “distinguish”;“shierkeshi”(视而可识) refers that we can distinguish a set of related characters from their forms,and“chaerjianyi”(察而见意) refers that we can know the meanings by observing the Chinese characters carefully.If we can understand these,both the scope and the classification of the self-explanatory characters will be more definite.

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Classification of “Sikle hua”in Guzhang County in Western Hunan

ZOU Xiao-Ling

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2012, 33 (1): 168-172. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-4074.2012.01.037

Abstract （2512）

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There is a Chinese dialect in Guzhang county in western Hunan,which is not widespread and its classification is unidentified.From the comparison of phonological features between “Sike hua” and Chenxi and Xupu branch of Hunan dialect,“Sike hua”has the typical features of Hunan dialect,which shall be categorized into Chen-xu branch.

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On Intertextuality of Discourse Modes

WANG Fu-Lan, LIU Shi-Ming

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2012, 33 (1): 173-175. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-4074.2012.01.038

Abstract （3103）

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Discourse mode indicates the meaning of language,analyzing and distinguishing language unit and semantic unit of the same language form lay emphasis on logic-semantic relation between local structure and superstructure.The discussion of Intertextuality of discourse modes is a means to help realize language cognition and intercultural communication as well as to broaden perspective of discourse analysis and translation.

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English Translation Research of Peking Opera Based on Performance and English Peking Opera

CAO Guang-Tao

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2011, 32 (6): 158-162.

Abstract （2661）

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The research of the translation of Peking Opera in America based on performance has been a significant academic field.The translators and researchers of Peking Opera in the US have great interest in the performance ability of English translation of Peking Opera.While sticking to the principle of respecting the flavor of Peking Opera,they propagate permitting proper change and rewriting when coming across cultural differences;targeting for the purpose of performance,the translators should make their translation able to be performed,spoken and sung.Elezabeth Ann Wichmann,an American scholar,even trained her students to perform her English translation of Peking Opera scripts in America and China.From the perspective of the requirements of protecting intangible cultures and the actual situation,their research can be taken as reference while there are also some lessons to draw from and stay away from being trapped in the Labyrinth of foreign research and English Peking Opera practice.

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An Empirical Study on Reading Strategy Employment by English Majors in a Newly Upgraded University

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2011, 32 (6): 163-167.

Abstract （1834）

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The present research investigated 299 English major students from Tongren University,Guizhou Province,in terms of knowing about their English reading strategy employment.T-test results indicate that students did not use reading strategies frequently in reading.There is no significant difference existing for strategy use between male students and female students,advanced group and basic group.This paper puts forward certain instruction on teaching based on the results of the study.

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On the Characteristics of Expressing Affection in Japanese by Studying the Affection-Loaded Adverbs

LI Hong

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2011, 32 (6): 168-170.

Abstract （1826）

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Adverbs are regarded as the "Garbage Can" in Japanese,which is more a complicated comment on Japanese adverbs than mere criticism.This paper discusses the relationship between the affection-loaded adverbs in Japanese and the speakers’ mental activities by analyzing the meanings of adverbs,and then reveals the strong emotion hidden in the use of Japanese adverbs,which materialize the speakers’ thoughtful design and arrangement.

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The Differences of C-J Translation of Chinese V-O Strcuture

LI Yu-Hua

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2011, 32 (6): 171-174.

Abstract （2016）

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Language is the carrier of national cultures.The grammatical expressions of any language are not isolated,but closely correlated with the thinking pattern and behavioral awareness of this nation.Based on the detailed analysis of Chinese V-O structure,this paper systematically probes into the differences of C-J translation of Chinese V-O structure mainly from the linguistic typology perspective.

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Explanations on Words of Tomb Inscriptions in the Six Dynasties

LIU Zhi-Sheng

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2011, 32 (5): 132-134.

Abstract （1635）

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Tomb inscriptions provide rich and distinct language materials for lexical study.This paper examines and explains ten words of them,which are either ignored by linguists and fail to be collected by Chinese Dictionary,or not explained completely.

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Historical and Cultural Context and Translation——A Case Study of Material Selection of Modern Chinese Literature and Translation Strategy

PENG Jin-Song, LI Hai-Jun

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2011, 32 (5): 135-138.

Abstract （2847）

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Translation is deeply influenced by the historical and cultural context in which it occurs.The historical and cultural context influences the whole process of translation.Firstly,it influences deeply the selection of translation materials;secondly,it influences deeply the choice of translation strategies.This paper,considering the selection of translation materials and the choice of translation strategies of the literary translation of modern and contemporary China,probes into the influence of historical and cultural context upon translation.

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A Study on the Relationship between Learners’ Linguistic Proficiency and Second Language Learning in Collaborative Dialogue

ZHANG Wei-

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2011, 32 (5): 139-142.

Abstract （1664）

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This study examined the relationship between second language learners’ proficiency and their second language learning in Collaborative dialogues in a quantitative way.48 learners with different levels of language proficiency were assigned into 3 groups：the high-high group,the high-low group and the low-low group.There were 16 subjects (8 pairs) in each group.All the subjects finished a five-stage collaborative writing task through different combinations.The results showed that the subjects’ proficiency had a significant effect on the output of their Language-related episodes (LREs) and their second language learning within the framework of collaborative dialogues.Furthermore,the higher proficiency the subjects had,the more output their LREs produced and the more effective their second language learning would be.

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A Contrastive Study of English and Chinese Lexicalization —— with New Words as Examples

XIANG Qiong

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2011, 32 (5): 143-145.

Abstract （1804）

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With new words collected from XINCIYUDACIDIAN and The New Century Dictionary of English Neologisms with Chinese Translations as examples,this paper makes a contrastive study of English and Chinese lexicalizations from the viewpoint of conceptualization,revealing the similarities and differences between English and Chinese,including (1) the same concepts with the same lexicalizations;(2) the same concepts with different means of lexicalizations;(3) the same concepts with different degrees of lexicalizations;(4) different concepts with different lexicalizations.

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On the Dialectal Differences of Comparative sentences of Tujia Language

XIANG Liang

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2011, 32 (4): 147-150.

Abstract （1878）

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The dialectal differences of comparative sentences of Tujia language are revealed in their different comparative marker,word order and auxiliary words of Tujia dialects.Comparatively speaking,the Chinese impression on the northern Tujia language is less than on the southern Tujia language,especially the distinct comparative sentences of northern Tujia language possess its inherent forms,while the comparative sentences of southern Tujia language are basically inclined to Chinese,which not only reflects the differences of grammatical patterns in Tujia dialects,but also reflects the imbalance of Chinese impression on Tujia dialects.

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Optimization of Meta-language Expressions in EFL Classroom

YAN Li

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2011, 32 (4): 151-153.

Abstract （1992）

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Meta-language is a concept shared by human language and machine language,whose inherent regularity can be externalized as the expressions similar to the ones in natural sciences.Based on the understanding,the meta-language in EFL classroom should hold the characteristics of meta-language and comply with the rule about the interaction of various factors in teaching,and its expressions should be optimized in three aspects:the objectives,the content and the form,so as to push the standardization on classroom meta-language by the idea of its formulation.

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Pragmatic Adaptive Framework and Structure of Language

HUANG Liang-Bo

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2011, 32 (4): 154-157.

Abstract （1858）

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Composition and decomposition are based on the theory of grammar that words are the smallest units in use,however this cannot offer an explanation to the actually existed pragmatic adaptive frame,illustrated by the model of topic and supporting sentences and the model of progression of theme and rheme sentences,which satisfy composition and decomposition of texts.

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Images of Vehicles of Metaphors in English Advertisements and Their Translation Strategies

YANG Lan-Mei

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2011, 32 (4): 158-160.

Abstract （2762）

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A wide range of metaphors exist in the industry of English advertisements,and the main element of an advertisement text is the image,which comes from daily life and is represented by means of a simile or metaphor,personification or metonymy;an image is crucial in metaphor translation in an advertisement,based on features of advertising texts and cultural characteristics of the English language and the Chinese language.This paper proposes the four translation strategies like retaining the original image,reshaping the image,blurring images on the translation of images.

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Individual Variation and Language Transfer

LI Zhan-Hui, MAO Gui-Chu

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2011, 32 (4): 161-162.

Abstract （1807）

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SLA researchers have always drawn on the difference and similarity between L1 and L2 to explain and analyze the phenomenon of language transfer.However,many researches have indicated that transfer is mainly related to learners’ specific traits,including their personality as well as the proficiency in L2.These variables can determine to a large extent the chances of language transfer.

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Evolvement of Voiced Syllable Initials in Xiangxi Dialect

QU Jian-Hui

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2011, 32 (3): 155-158.

Abstract （2163）

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There are nine pronunciation types for the voiced syllable initials in Xiangxi dialect.The Shusheng words of voiced syllable initials are pronounced with unaspirated sound,whereas Rusheng words are pronounced with aspirated sound,which is the result of evolvement of voiced syllable initials in Xiangxi dialect.Shusheng words of voiced syllable initials are pronounced with aspirated sound,which has been affected by Ganyu from the Jiangxi immigrants.The oblique tone words of voiced syllable initials are pronounced with unaspirated sound,which has been caused by long-term communications with Mandarin dialect.

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Contrastive Analysis,Error Analysis and Interlanguage Theory in Second Language Acquisition Research

HOU Min-Ji

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2011, 32 (3): 159-162.

Abstract （5273）

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Learners tend to go through a series of interlanguages in systematic and predictable ways,and research on interlanguage has had a significant impact on L2 acquisition theory.To understand the psychological processes involved,we need to study the learner’s language as a system in its own right.

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On Peer Error-correction Types of English-major Students in Higher Vocational Schools

LI Pei-Dong, GAO Ju-Xia

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2011, 32 (3): 163-165.

Abstract （1732）

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Based on the statistical analysis of students’ peer error-correction of English book reports in Higher Vocational Schools,the following conclusions can be derived:Some other errors existed besides the types summarized by Larsen-Freeman and long（2000）;Students’ error-correcting awareness and abilities are poor,mainly at the syntactical level;Attrition also occurs in the process of foreign language learning.

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Multi-dimensional Reflections on Nida’s Translation Theory—— On the Non- existence of Nida’s Theory of Information Translation

LI Tian-Xin

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2011, 32 (2): 137-140.

Abstract （2687）

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The writer of this paper states that in the minds of some Chinese translation theorists there exists Nida’s Informational Translation Theory.The writer points out that Nida only uses the term of “message” in his works,which is far enough to develop a theory on “message”.Compared with traditional theory,Nida’s theory is only developed in the use of modern terms;the essence is just the same as the traditional theory.While Information Theory of Claude E.Shannon aims at transmitting information,Nida’s Translation Theory aims at transforming information.Transmitting information is different from transforming information.In the paper,the writer explains in detail the meaning of“message” in Nida’s theory.

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On the Reconstruction of Logic Coherence in Translating Text Relating to External Propaganda

ZHOU Rong-Juan, LIU Zhao-Hui

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2011, 32 (2): 141-143.

Abstract （1881）

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This paper,following the features of the text relating to external propaganda,discusses logic coherence in translation.To achieve the purpose of external propaganda,translator should take the psychology of target readers into consideration and adopt such skills as addition,deletion,and reconstruction to guarantee semantic and logic coherence.

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Development and Application of Parallel Corpus of Tour Commentary

HUANG Yong-Xin, ZHANG Li-Li

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2011, 32 (2): 144-146.

Abstract （2137）

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A parallel corpus for special purpose has its specific value of research and application.This paper introduces the design rationale and the practical consideration for the Parallel Corpus of Tour Commentary,including data collection,digitization，alignment,tagging and so on.Lastly this paper points out potentials for research and teaching of tour commentary translation and cooperation between school and enterprises based on the Corpora.

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On Discoursal Rhetoric and Translation

GENG Zhi, YANG Ping

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2010, 31 (6): 138-141.

Abstract （2219）

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Rhetoric is requisite either in English or Chinese composition.Since translation involves the Chinese composition based on the meaning of the original source,naturally,it is indispensable of the rhetorical devices.However,the two languages differ from each other in rhetoric,there must be some techniques to turn to in the translation process.The present paper aims at pointing out the necessity of understanding those differences between the two languages at the discoursal level in translation and putting forth some approaches to the question.

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A Functional Linguistic Study on the Interpersonal Meanings of English Political Speech——Analysis on Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of the U.S.S.R

WANG Fu-Lan-

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2010, 31 (6): 142-146.

Abstract （4730）

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Interpersonal meta-function is one of the three meta-functions in systemic functional linguistics.Based on Halliday’s functional grammar,this paper deals with the interpersonal meta-function of Churchill’s broadcasting Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of the U.S.S.R from three aspects,i.e.mood,person and modality.It analyzes the different forms of interpersonal meanings of this speech to show how the author achieves the aim of the speech.The analysis here will illustrate that a functional linguistic analysis will help the reader to better understand the text and that this kind of exercise will help develop students’ sensibility to language.

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Impact on the VO Construction by the Conceptualized Discrepancy between Chinese and English

YANG Qin, ZENG Peng

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2010, 31 (5): 145-148.

Abstract （1763）

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Taking the verb “eat” as its object,this article aims at carrying out the comparative study of Chinese-English VO construction,arguing that the conceptualized discrepancy between Chinese and English VO construction motivates the major difference in the semantic system:the conceptualized direction of English verbs is rather specific and concrete which requires the co-occurrence of subject and object,marking the starting and end points;while Chinese verbs have the vague conceptualized direction which permits the absence of both subject and object.As a result,it provides possibility for other semantic stuffs to occupy the subject or object position.

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Application Results of Tourism Translation Strategies in Xiangxi——Research and Analysis from Perspective of Skopos Theory

BAI lan

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2010, 31 (5): 149-152.

Abstract （2525）

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The German functionalism combines translation with functions of language,and attaches importance to text in translation process.As a kind of vocative text,tourism translation is reader-oriented and focuses on information transfer.Through survey and analysis of different translation strategies,the tourism texts with guidance of skopos theory meet the information acquisition need of readers.

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Personal Pronouns of Mengquan Dialect of Shimen County

ZHOU Qiu-Ju, YANG Zai-Biao

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2010, 31 (5): 153-156.

Abstract （1728）

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Mengquan dialect of Shimen County belongs to Southwestern Mandarin.Personal pronouns in Mengquan dialect have a lot of features.Based on standard Chinese literature and field research materials,through comparison with standard Chinese,this article have concluded the characteristics of personal pronouns of Mengquan dialect of Shimen County by depicting them both in form and in usage.This article has pointed out the shared features with standard Chinese as well as the specific features of personal pronouns of Mengquan dialect,which provides some linguistic data for further study.

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On the Formation of Language Documents of Far Ancient times and Their Cultural Significance

XIA De-Kao

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2010, 31 (4): 131-135.

Abstract （1837）

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Language documents of far ancient times are used to record fine words,and they belong to different styles.Due to different historical periods,their formation is different,too.The earliest language document is originated from rites.In the early Zhou Dynasty,religious rites contained much rational factors,thus appeared The Book of History.In the Zhou Dynasty,morality and logos were given tremendous attention and expostulation was available,so came out the language document of political style,Guoyu.During the Spring and Autumn Period (770 B.C-476B.C),great changes took place in the academic field.On the one hand,private teaching was popular,leading to the appearance of language document of teaching type,The Analects of Confucius;on the other hand,private composition was in fashion,leading to the birth of language document of compositional style,Lao Tzu.

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Comparative Sentences of Tasha Dialect

LI Qi-Qun, LU Mei-Yan

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2010, 31 (4): 136-139.

Abstract （2007）

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In the comparative sentences of Tasha dialect,there are some special structures such as “Yi+Jia+A/VP+Xie”,“Yi+Jia+A+MP（Xie）”,“Yue ko Yue+A/VP”,“（一+M）+He/Bi（一+M）+A/VP +Xie”,“Jia+A/VP+De+Meide”.These comparative sentence structures differ from standard Chinese and surrounding dialects,which are the result of the influence of bilingual residents’ mother tongue when they speak Chinese.The Tujia and Chinese bilingual people are always influenced by the grammatical rules of their mother tongue when they speak Chinese.

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On Scientific Spirits of Linguistics Theory Construction——Commentary on Theory Drawbacks of Compositional Language Faculty

ZHOU Shan, YANG Lie-Xiang

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2010, 31 (4): 140-143.

Abstract （1825）

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Language acquisition involves genetic endowment,language experience and universal cognitive functions.Compositional Language Faculty (CLF)holds that language acquisition is possible only when the six or seven fundamental cognition abilities have been developed.CLF,which employs the way of listing,is lack of rigorous criteria for judgment and implementation,resulting in an endless listing of relevant cognition abilities.The six or seven cognitive abilities are lack of systematicity among them and equally lack of verifiability and falsiability.Employing diachronic investigations as the standard to assess a linguistic theory violates the basic requirements of linguistic theory construction.

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On the Functions of English Modal Satellite Adverbs in Texts

XIAO Tang-Jin

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2010, 31 (3): 109-114.

Abstract （1873）

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This paper proposes the term of “English modal satellite adverb” and discusses its meaning and types.It is revealed that English modal satellite adverbs can contribute to adjusting modal value,producing modal synergy and highlighting texture in texts.The current study,based on corpora,is an extension of the research on systemic functional linguistics.

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On the Grammaticalization Process of “Shangqu (上去)”

LIU Fang, SU Wan-Li

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2010, 31 (3): 115-118.

Abstract （1998）

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The word “shangqu (上去)” is compounded by two verbs “shang（上）” and “qu （去）”，and has undergone a grammaticalization process from notional word to empty word in the historical development.From synchronic and diachronic perspectives,this paper analyzes the grammaticalization process of it.

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On the Differences of Body Language between Japanese and Chinese

JIANG Li

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences） 2010, 31 (3): 119-121.

Abstract （2353）

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Non-language communication is previous to language communication in the development of human history.However,importance is always given to language communication in the research of cross-cultural communication.This paper attempts to probe into the differences and cultural connotations of body language between Japanese and Chinese,the most important part of the non-language communication.

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