Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences Edition)

“A Small Temple of Humanity” and Modernity—— Interpretation and Criticism on Shen Congwen’s “Romantic Tales”

ZHOU Chang-Mei, XIANG Gang

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2006, 27(6): 1-7.

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The “Romantic Tales” created by Shen Congwen around 1930 plays an important role in the formation of his cultural concept,for they strongly and romantically express his “ideal life style” and are the core of his creation ideology.The creation of these “Romantic Tales” is an effort for Shen Congwen to seek the tradition of the Miao culture in Xiangxi and to construct the Miao culture in Hunan.By fighting against the dominant Han culture,Shen gains a self-recognition and affirmation,discovers and reconstructs the humanity of the Miao people in Xiangxi,and establishes his “small temple of humanity”.Further more,he tries to develop the particularity out of the Miao culture into universality to resist the popularity of the Han and Western cultures,using “small temple of humanity” as a frontier culture to resist “modernity”.

Beauty of a Deiform Land——“Lyric Poetry of Countryside”of Shen Congwen in the View of Ecological Civilization

ZHANG Li-Jun

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2006, 27(6): 8-13.

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The description of the relationship between human beings and nature,human beings and land,and among human beings in the countryside of Xiangxi,and the images of peasants with natural humanity,healthy build and rich soul in Shen Congwen’s works make an everlasting “lyric poem of countryside”.Viewing from both a country fellow and a civilized person,Shen Congwen further illustrates the destruction of the beautiful land and the ignorance of life in it.It is in this strong sense of destructive tragedy that Shen’s “lyric poetry of countryside” shows the beauty of a deiform land which is rooted in his motherland and is shaded by modern industrial civilization,i.e.the harmonious countryside and the kind sons in the land.In this sense,Shen’s “lyric poetry of countryside” embodies a deep and conscious ecological sense and reproduces the beauty of a deiform land and constructs a literature with ecological idea of Chinese dimension.

Shen Conrwen’s Local ——Also on the Present Development of Local Literature

QIN Xin-Ju

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2006, 27(6): 14-18.

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Shen Congwen’s local literature is a constituent of humanitarianism and of the ideological trend of common people aroused by the May 4th movement,which makes folk custom,tradition and various country life the important sources for his creation.Shen Congwen finishes the aesthetic construction of “natural humanities” in his local literature,and provides valuable clues for the questions between history and culture,country sensation and ration,and urban and rural.The present local literature should focus on the exploration of country problems,show concern to the peasants in the course of urbanization,construct a “new modernity” with Chinese characteristics,and seek the ecological root of the land.

An Anthropological Analysis on Shen Congwen’s Illustration of Local Culture

HE Xiao-Ping

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2006, 27(6): 19-21.

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During his creative period in Shanghai,Shen Congwen,not satisfied with the falsity of urban civilization and the mechanism of Confucianism culture,gave a deep and systematic description of the local culture in Xiangxi to reveal the specific life and unique spirit there,including the minority cultures of the Miao,Yao,Tujia,and Dong people.As the representative of Xiaoxi local culture,Shen Congwen’s illustration of Xiangxi culture is a mirror to reflect urban civilization,and is also a prescription to cure the illness of urban civilization.His choice of literature topics and creative ideology during this period show an anthropological trend.To listen to the voice from the frontiers,look for other cultural representatives,and make them the ideological sources for the rejuvenation of Chinese culture,this is Shen Congwen’s active reply to the rejuvenation of Chinese culture during a transitional period.

On the Status of Shen Congwen in Literature from the Perspective of the World Local Literature

YANG Rui-Ren

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2006, 27(6): 22-26.

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In the history of the world literature,Rousseau,a French writer is the pioneer of local literature.After him British poet Wordsworth and French female writer George Sand produce works of rural literature respectively in the form of poetry and novel that have great influence on the later ages,and thus establish the position of rural literature.In Chinese contemporary times,the first advocator of the theory of rural literature is Zhou Zuoren,and Lu Xun is the first writer of this kind.Works by Shen Congwen’s are later than that by the Zhou Brothers.However,they are comprehensive expressions and outstanding representatives of Chinese rural literature.After the Opening and Reform in China,Shen Congwen has gained great status in literature proved by the objective data from the academic theses on contemporary history of literature.

A New Interpretation of “Contingency”—— A Further Reflection on the Fundamental Category of Marxist Philosophy

LV Xue-Fang

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2006, 27(6): 27-30.

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Are two basic categories of Marxist philosophy.Traditionally,we used to emphasize the decisive role of necessity,maintaining that rules must be followed.The accelerating or postponing faction of contingency was neglected and even put in a minor position of dialectical materialism.In fact,with a better understanding to rules,the function of contingency is getting more and more obvious.Based on this reflection,this paper tries to explore contingency from a new angle by analyzing its historical position,bridging function,characteristics,types as well as the proper attitude to treat it.It will provide reference for further study of Marxist philosophy.

A New Exploration into Marxist Philosophy

YU Wen-De

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2006, 27(6): 31-34.

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Marxist philosophy is a practical materialism.It comprehends the world from practice,with human society as its study object to change the world.The birth of it leads to a fundamental change in epistemology,view of nature and view of history.

Assimilating Difference: New Rural Construction Mode under the Perspective of Ecological Philosophy

CUI Yong-He, YAO Mao-Hua

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2006, 27(6): 35-40.

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We are in a historical period of reflecting and surpassing modern industrial civilization and moving toward ecological civilization,which should be the value reference and theoretical foundation for new socialist rural construction.In such a construction,we should respect our cultural tradition,create ecological civilization,rid the negative differences,maintain and develop the positive differences,enhance the peasants’ cultural consciousness,develop eco-economy,gradually upgrade the position of rural culture,improve the living standard of the peasants,and construct a harmonious society.We should choose a mode of assimilating differences different from the past mode which did not take reality into practice.

Noumenon,Value,and Spirit: on the Connotation of “Emotion” in Chinese Philosophy

HE Shan-Meng

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2006, 27(6): 41-46.

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“Emotion” is one of the most basic categories in Chinese philosophy,which is of high value in Chinese tradition.Different from western philosophy theory which emphasizes form,Chinese philosophy more cares realistic man,and the existence of man.For a realistic man,emotion is his most fundamental character,so emotion should be one of the most concerned philosophical topics.Chinese philosophy has always been focusing on emotion problems,exploring it deeply into such aspects of its origin,occurrence,connotation,meaning,value,etc.Starting from the documents in Chinese philosophy,this paper gives a general description of emotion,concluding that the connotation of emotion includes the three aspects of noumenon,value,and spirit.

Transcendence and Regression——On Daoyi’s Practice of Dualism Transcendence Theory of Dhyana Sect

MA Tian-Xiang, WU Xin-Wei

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2006, 27(6): 47-49.

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Dhyana means the nature without thoughts and vexation.Daoyi develops the theory of Dhyana sect.He is famous for two sentences: Dao is like living in our daily life.People's heart is Buddha.These theories can be thought to come from the story which was told by Huairang.Huairang said he would grind brick into mirror.Daoyi was enlightened by what he had said.These two sentences mentioned show the negation and dualism transcendence of Dhyana sect.

The Elements of Modern Ideology in Wang Fuzhi's Law Ideas

XU Su-Min

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2006, 27(6): 50-58.

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The shift of Chinese traditional ideas began in Ming and Qing Dynasty.Wang Fuzhi's thought on law is obvious of elements of modern ideology breaking through the limitations of the traditional autocracy and authority-rule.He criticized Confucian’s idea of “couple leniency with cruelty” and the principle of “no courtesy to the humble and no penalty to the officials” and diametrically put forward his idea of “strict with the officials” and his proposition of the rule “courteous to the humble and penal to the officials” embodying the legislative idea of emphasizing the precaution of crime by officials in modern law-ruled countries.Wang Fuzhi opposed the view of renewing the corporal punishment in the ancient times in the name of “morality” advocated by Cheng Yi,Zhu Xi and Zhang Zai.He advocated prohibiting the autocratic severe punishment to the criminals by treating them inhumanly and opposed the action laying more importance to the personal will of Confucian moralists and unreasonable hatred mood of the public than to the law,which is the symbol of humanism spirit and absolute power of law in modern countries.Wang even maintained that when drawing up the fundamental law of a country the King was only an ordinary person with no authority,whose power should be restrained and illegal act should be punished with laws,in order to establish a law-ruled society.All these views and propositions reflect the new history trend of Chinese traditional society and ideology transforming to the modern era.

On the Cultural Features of Kang You-wei and the “New Academic Ideas” of the Constitutional Reform and Modernization of 1898

WANG Xian-Ming

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2006, 27(6): 59-67.

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“New Academic Ideas” of the Constitutional Reform and Modernization of 1898 is the important mark of the transformation of Chinese traditional academic culture.The academic ideas of Kang Youwei thoroughly influence the content and the features of the times,and thus influence the national features of the transformation of contemporary academic culture and its trend of development.Only by acquiring a better understanding of Kang Youwei’s academic ideas and the features of New Academic Ideas of the Constitutional Reform and Modernization of 1898,can we understand and grasp the transformation of contemporary academic culture from the perspectives of nation and history.

New Exploration on Rong Hong’s Late Years

LI Xi-Suo

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2006, 27(6): 68-75.

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Rong Hong is a patriot who keeps the pace with the progress of the society in Chinese contemporary history.He went to America to seek ways to save the nation during the Opium War,and returned in the year 1854.Since then he devoted himself to Chinese progressive causes.He supported the revolution of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom,took part in the Self-Strengthening Movement,and made it successfully to send the first young children to America after his 18 years’ effort.Later,he threw himself into the Constitutional Reform and Modernization of 1898.In his late years he fought against the Qing Dynasty by trying all his effort to support the Nanjing Contemporary Government led by Sun Yetsun.This paper explores the process and reasons of his devotion to revolution,and comments on his patriotic spirit of sparing no effort in the performance of his duty for the cause of the 1911 Revolution.

A Comment on the Controversy of National System in the Early Years of Republic of China——Controversy between The Great Chung Hwa Magazine and the Federal System

KONG Xiang-Dong

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2006, 27(6): 76-79.

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In the early years of Republic of China during the transformation from a traditional national system to a modern one,there was an influential controversy on whether federal system was suitable in China.When most newspapers and magazines supported federal thought,The Great Chung Hwa Magazine,chiefly edited by Liang Qichao,gave a different view that federal system was not good to remain national unity,and that the civil-elected provincial governors would do more harm than good.Meanwhile,it opposed the assertion of “canceling provinces for centralization”,calling for a new political system that was neither a federal nor a central one.

On the Fault of Contemporary Ecological Maintenance and its Rectification

YOU Jun, YANG Ting-Shuo

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2006, 27(6): 80-85.

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This paper holds that faults of contemporary ecological maintenance have been derived from the industrialized cultures of some peoples that seek hegemony of the world.They are not only the problems of the industrialized peoples but also the major difficult problems confronted by all the peoples in the world.Eco-ethnology believes that the basic guiding principle of rectifying these faults lies in the following action: trying hard to selectively and sensibly make use of the material conditions and global ecological concept to promote the steady continuity of multi-culture,making use of the ecological wisdom and skills in different peoples’ traditional culture to get rid of the side effects rendered by the faults of contemporary ecological maintenance,setting up the generalized ecological maintenance pattern that can coordinate the specific ecological maintenance of peoples.Only in this way can we effectively reduce ecological crisis and win the continued development of peoples in the world.

The Minimum Risk and Maximum Benefit in a Village Society—— A Cultural Analysis on the Traditional Way of Life and the Existence Insurance in the Society of the Dong People

LUO Kang-Long

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2006, 27(6): 86-93.

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Existence insurance is the fundamental insurance of society.However,there exist lots of different opinions on the basic life situation of the social members and its insurance measures due to national historical cultures.By fieldwork in the society of the Dong people,this paper analyzes their existence insurance system.Under specific cultural conditions,the Dong people have realized their existence insurance in the aspects of resource cultivation and utilization,production and distribution,and society management.It is proposed that society existence insurance is not only an economic concept,but also a cultural concept.

Missing the Disappearing Nature—— The Ecological Adjustment Setbacks and Solution of the Gelao People in Pudi Village,Dafang County

DU Wei

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2006, 27(6): 94-98.

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Traditionally,the Gelao people were in slash-and-burn cultivation,and their traditional ecological concept was in tune with this way of economic life.However,their traditional way of life and ecological concept are hard to continue due to the great impact from outside world.Though great efforts have been made to adjust and reconstruct their culture,the effect is far from satisfaction.The modern Gelao people have to involve themselves in modern economic life while sighing for the beautiful disappearing nature.In spite of this,their cultural adjustment is to continue,and their dream of rebuilding beautiful ecology might come true.

Market Research in a Harmonious Society

LI Song-Ling

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2006, 27(6): 99-105.

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In market economic society,market disequilibrium is the full condition for social inharmoniousness,while market equilibrium is the essential condition for a harmonious society.In socialist economic society,it is necessary to complete the market,uphold the market equilibrium,and amend the rules and regulations to make the society harmonious.

Transition Cost and Transition Benefit under the Reform of Different Ownership——A Study Based on the Reform in China and the Paradigm of Transaction Cost

GUAN Xiao-Guang, WANG Yi-Lin

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2006, 27(6): 106-113.

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Property right is a series of economical and social relationships to determine one’s share of rare resources.The production incentives in the economic development of one country are decided by its ownership and property right arrangement.There are two purposes in transition: one is to turn plan economy into market economy and finish the system transition,the other is to rid those unfavorable economic factors to the long-term development caused by the surpassing strategy under the old system,to reduce the unreasonable transaction cost,to increase production incentives of micro-economy,and to realize the transformation of development mode.In realizing the transition purposes,the reform of property right is the foundation,and the construction of market system is the guarantee.Cost-saving and benefit-increasing in the process of transition are largely due to different reforms of ownership.

An Exploration into the Necessity and Probability to Establish a New Rural Cooperative Medical System

LI Qiong

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2006, 27(6): 114-118.

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The establishment of a new rural cooperative medical system is an important measure to overcome the peasants’ poverty caused by illness.It is necessary to establish such a system so as to realize a wealthy society,guarantee the peasants’ rights,and change the present medical situation in rural areas.A relatively detailed analysis on the probabilities is given from the perspectives of political insurance,subjective demand,and realistic provision to establish the system.

An Exploration into the Rebuilding of Marx’s Individual Ownership under the Framework of Human Capital Theory

Zhu-Xiang-Cheng, TIAN Xiao-Hong

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2006, 27(6): 119-122.

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Among the various interpretations to Marx’s theory of rebuilding individual ownership in socialist countries,the one that each productive factor gets revenue share according to its actual contribution to the enterprise is relatively reasonable.In other words,an individual ownership based on the majority and different from the single public ownership should be built to replace the capitalist private ownership,in which material capital of the minority embezzles human capital of the majority.However,it has long been a problem to scientifically define the revenue ratio between material capital and human capital.By establishing a mechanism,in which different capital owners compete in material capital revenue ratio when it is invested in enterprises,by avoiding the difficulties in human capital measurement and supervision,and also by gradually reducing and even eliminating the misappropriation,and with the assistance of perfect social insurance,it might be possible to realize Marx’s individual ownership.

On International Externality of Environment Standard and Its Internalization

ZHENG Peng-Cheng, LIU Chang-Yun

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2006, 27(6): 123-127.

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International externality of environment standard means transfer of pollution across borders and new obstacles blocking the entrance into international market in international trade and investment.They are caused by the different environment standards in different countries.International externalities of environment standard have broad negative effects,such as causing friction and conflict in international trade,increasing the pollution,and obstructing the economical development in developing countries.To internalize international externalities of environment standard,we should strengthen the international harmonization of environment standard,and establish international compensation and assistant mechanism,and should improve ISO14000,the environment management system standard.

On the Conflict between Right of Trademark and Priority Copyright

YANG Xiao-Lan

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2006, 27(6): 128-132.

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The conflict between the right of trademark and priority copyright is one of the conflicts between intellectual properties.In solving the conflict,China follows two principles,i.e.the principle of protecting the front right and the principle of right lost.However,in these mechanisms there is some lack in balancing interest and benefit.To solve these shortcomings,compulsory license and priority of payment by trademark should be taken.

The Dimension Inspection and Concept Separation of Public Law and Private Law

LI Long

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2006, 27(6): 133-139.

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For quite a long time,scholars have proposed various theories to distinct public law and private law.However,none of them is thorough enough to meet satisfaction.In fact,“public” is a concept which does not necessarily mean “state”.To define public law as “state public power” is a misinterpretation.Similarly,“private” is a concept corresponding to “public”.The formation of private field is based on the dual separation of state and family,and “individual” does not constitute a necessary element in private field initially.With the development of society,individualism gradually breaks the restrain of state and family,and determines its final value in private law.The dimensional difference between public law and private law leads to different value orientation,and decides their character difference.

On the Function of Contemporary Administrative Guidance of Public Order

ZHOU Ding-Ping, YIN Kun

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2006, 27(6): 140-143.

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Administrative guidance of public order is the inexorable choice and trend of contemporary administrative management of public order that has been shifting from resisting to cooperating,from closing to opening,from harassing people to being intimate to people.In the practice of public security management it has the following functions: first is the general function of supplement and substitution,instruction and promotion,mediation and consultation,self-improvement and culture-innovation;and second is its special function of prevention and inhibition.

A Brief Analysis on Hu Xiang Si Ji (Four Records in Hunan)

WANG Ming-Hui

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2006, 27(6): 144-148.

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The four famous pieces of prose by Tao Yuanming in Jin Dynasty,Liu Zongyuan in Tang Dynasty,Fan Zhongyan in Song Dynasty and Modern writer Shen Congwen are called Hu Xiang Si Ji (Four Records in Hunan).They are rooted in Hunan culture,have enriched and contributed to Hunan culture,and fully represent Hunan culture as well as Chinese aesthetics.

A Brief Analysis on the Artistic Achievement of Descriptive-ci by Li Qingzhao

XIANG Mei-Lin

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2006, 27(6): 149-152.

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Describing objects with the poetry form is a traditional way of expression in Chinese ancient poems.The descriptive-ci poetry by Li Qingzhao made great contributions to the maturity and prosperity in the development of descriptive-ci poetry.Specifically,the artistic achievement of Li Qingzhao can be seen in the following aspects:embodying the author’s emotion in some particular objects;natural use of allusions to show the elegance;proper arrangement of elaboration and chanting;and the unique ending which leaves room for reflection.

On the Simplification and Systematization of Chinese Characters since 1949

SANG Zhe

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2006, 27(6): 153-156.

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