规制与问责：英美警察自由裁量权的多元治理

doi:10.13438/j.cnki.jdxb.2019.05.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：对警察的社会学研究主要关注警察行为对公民自由可能存在的潜在威胁，其中最大的发现有两个，一是英美警察执法中大量存在的歧视性境遇，二是警察亚文化成为导致警察执法背离法治的根源。因此警察自由裁量权的政治性监督不仅有必要，而且会增加。警察机关有着自由裁量权的现实需求，但是必须将其控制在“规定的范围”之内，同时只能是法院拥有对“规定的范围”进行最终审查权。21世纪以来，英美开始倡导以民主警务模式来规范警察的自由裁量权。民主警务模式区分了警察“业务责任”和政府“政策责任”两种不同性质的责任，这将保护警察执法自由裁量权的相对独立性，同时鼓励政治当局对警务政策进行控制。

关键词： 警察, 自由裁量权, 规制, 问责

Abstract: The sociological research on police mainly focuses on the potential threats of police behavior to civil liberties,among which there are two biggest findings:one is the large number of discriminatory situations in police law enforcement in Britain and the United States,and the other is that police subculture has become the root of police law enforcement deviating from the rule of law.Therefore,the political supervision over police discretion is not only necessary,but should also be increased.Police have a realistic need for discretion,but it must be controlled within a "prescribed scope",and only the court has the power to conduct a final review of it.Since the beginning of the 21st century,British and American countries have begun to advocate the democratic policing model to regulate police discretion,which distinguishes the police's "operational responsibility" from the government's "policy responsibility",protects the relative independence of the police discretion in law enforcement,and encourages the political authorities to control the police policy.

Key words: police, discretion, regulation, accountability

胡建刚. 规制与问责：英美警察自由裁量权的多元治理[J]. 吉首大学学报（社会科学版）, DOI: 10.13438/j.cnki.jdxb.2019.05.005.

HU Jiangang. Regulation and Accountability:Multiple Governance of Police Discretion in Britain and the United States[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, DOI: 10.13438/j.cnki.jdxb.2019.05.005.

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