Abstract: The left-behind elderly in rural areas are a large and widely distributed vulnerable group,and improving the health and care for them is not only a livelihood issue,but also a developmentone.There are five health care subjects for the left-behind elderly in rural areas:the government,the family,the society,the community and the elderly themselves,but each subject has defects  in the actual action,among which family responsibility and spiritual comfort are particular.Other defects are seen in the shortage of health and care system of the government,the insufficient supply of health public services,the lack of motivation of market intervention,the abnormal spontaneous behavior,the absence of the main body of responsibility of the community,the weak health awareness of the left-behind elderly,and the stagnant health investment.To improve health and care for the left- behind elderly in rural areas,the families should take the initiative to bear the burden,the government should act as the organizer and leader,the society should cooperate with all sectors,the communities should activate all organizations,and the left-behind elderly also need to change their ideas.In this way,a "five-in-one" health and care system could be established together.

Key words: rural revitalization, rural left-behind elderly, health and care, five-in-one system