Abstract: Taking Habermas’ ideological theory as the base point,this paper compares the similarities and dissimilarities of ideological theory by Marx and Habermas in three aspects:the concept of ideology,the understanding of criticism to ideology,and the understanding of the essence of science and technology.The purpose of the paper is to make a clear distinction of the theory by Marx and Habermas,and illustrate the limitation of the theory by Habermas.

Key words: ideology, science and technology, false consciousness