Abstract: The research of mutual function between social relationship and eco-environment has been started in the realm of cultural anthropology early at the beginning of 20th century and in sixties it had become a branch of cultural anthropology-eco-anthropology,which focuses its research on the relationship between culture and eco-environment.Resource crisis man facing today is caused by multi-conditions such as complicated economic,social,population,systematic and political ones.The scarcity limitation of geographical resource is determined by human culture,and scarcity is a cultural conception.Natural resources is of versatile features which requires versatility of means of living of human imitation on the basis of versatile human culture and pluralist ways of using resources will come out of human means of living.So though the study of eco-anthropology started late,yet it has become an influential subject and has a task unplaced by others.

Key words: culture, eco-environment, eco-anthropology, versatility