Abstract: The traditional livelihood of the Dong,Miao,Zang,Sala,Hui,and Mongol that live in western China can have a perfect combination with water resource maintenance.On the basis of “recovering” the nationalities’ traditional livelihood,it is easy to discover that their maintenance and use of water resource provide enlightenment to present water resource management.As long as we explore and use ecological wisdom and skills of traditional culture of nationalities,making them integrate with modern science and technology,the dilemma of water scarcity will be remitted,and the perfect combination of efficient use and careful maintenance can be finally realized.

Key words: indigenous ecological knowledge；traditional livelihood, water resource, maintenance, use