关键词： 马克思, 对象性, 意识内在性, 感性意识, 感性活动

Abstract: Modern Western philosophy exhibits a tendency to grasp the world from the standpoint of subjective consciousness,reducing truth and existence to mental constructs—a move that leads toconsciousness and unknowability of the external world.What makes Marx's philosophy revolutionary is its grounding in real human beings and the concrete world,rethinking the fundamental relation between humans and the world through the concept of "objectivity",thereby dismantling the immanent structure of modern philosophical consciousness.For Marx,"objectivity" constitutes the essential determination of both real human beings and existing things.As objective beings,humans externalize their life powers through sensuous activity and transform the external world,thus mutually affirming their own being and the reality of the world.This object-oriented relationship acknowledges the independence of external things from consciousness while emphasizing their reconfiguration and emergence through human practice.Consciousness itself is reinterpreted as "sensuous consciousness",historically constituted within sensuous activity.In this way,Marx critically exposes the illusion of reducing the world to consciousness found in traditional philosophy,surpasses the intuitive understanding of old materialism,and ultimately moves beyond the speculative myth of conscious immanence toward the concrete realm of lived reality,laying a theoretical foundation for understanding and addressing the human condition.

Key words: Marx, objectivity, consciousness immanence, sensuous consciousness, sensuous activity