关键词： 马克思, 思想政治教育, 意识形态, 观念, 《德意志意识形态》

Abstract: In criticizing the theoretical limitations of Feuerbach's critique of religion,Marx points out that the key to the problem is to ask and answer how people can "put religious illusions into their minds",a question that opens the way to a materialist worldview while at the same time posing the demand for a philosophical revolution that establishes a "genuinely critical worldview" and a "truly critical worldview".It is on the basis of this central question that Marx advances the philosophical revolution of historical materialism and the narrative of ideological and political education through the ideological critique from the individual to the general,and from the copy to the original.He holds that concepts originate from life,ideological concepts originate from the contradictions of life and class struggle,and putting concepts into the mind is a common necessity of the state for domination and of the individual's commitment to beliefs.However,whether an ideological concept can really enter the mind and become the dominant spiritual force depends fundamentally on whether the concept is aware of the dominant material force,and strategically on whether the ideological and political education that is also aware of this material force is better or worse.In this sense,"putting ideas into the mind" is the very thing of the process of ideological and political education,and Marx's regular revelation of the essence ofthis process lays down the core viewpoints and theoretical principles of Marxist ideological and political pedagogy.

Key words: Karl Marx, ideological and political education, ideology, The German Ideology