Abstract: Four problems must be solved to deepen the theoretical research and construction practice of ecological civilization in our country.Firstly,to transform natural resources regarded as natural wealth and ecological wealth into economic wealth and social wealth,we must bring natural resources into the production process as a means of production,set up production goal that meets the basic living needs of the people,establish development pattern and mode of existence consistent with natural resources,and formulate a systematic and complete ecological compensation system.Secondly,as the construction of ecological civilization and ecological governance is a systematic project,we should establish a systematic and holistic way of thinking and methodology,and organically combine the establishment of concept of ecological civilization development,the mode of ecological civilization development and an ethic-law combination socialist concept of ecological governance.Thirdly,as the practice of the construction of ecological civilization is not enough to publicize the concept of ecological civilization,the key and core is how to realize scientific and technological innovation and ecologicalization of science and technology.Fourthly,if we break away from the study of environmental rights and put one-sided emphasis on "livelihood-oriented" environmental theory,we can neither accurately understand the complete connotation and value of the theory,nor can we really practice it.Therefore,strengthening the research and interpretation of environmental rights is the key for us to understand and practice "livelihood-oriented" environmental theory.

Key words: ecological civilization, ecological governance, ecological resources, livelihood-oriented environmental theory