Abstract: Marxinterpreted individual social activity as the common foundation of family,civil society and state in Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right,and considered that the unity of the three forms was the basis of individual real life.In political alienation,political state and civil society had separated,making liberation merely in abstract political realm,while slavery and exploitation still retained in civil society.However,the source of political alienation arose from civil society,thus Marx’s focal point of early theory turned to the research of civil society,and the theory of labor alienation was proposed.So Marx’s early exploration was unfolded as “state and law→civil society→alienated labor”,which was reversely corresponding to the logical relations “productivity→ relations of production (economic basis)→superstructure” in historical materialism.

Key words: Marx, civil society, political alienation, political state, historical materialism