“隐写”与“标出”：网络两级话语的语力行为及其亚文化势能

doi:10.13438/j.cnki.jdxb.2025.05.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：当前网络社区有两大超级话语表达——“隐写”和“标出”，它们在“收”与“放”上各执一端。由此生成了“隐语”和“极语”的这一对话语关系。“有话不好好说”成为网络民间语文的重要景观，从早年的贴吧、论坛延展至今天的网络社交区、游戏区以及各头部平台。网络隐语和“梗”几为同义词，在造词上有相似性的隐喻含义，也有毗连性的转喻关系；极语的文化标出性特征是一种“话语强占”，甚至形成网络霸凌。从网络语用学角度审视两级话语的语力行为，它们的出圈与社会共情、迷因借力有关。由于隐语和极语同属网络亚文化，是“杂语”内部分化的关系，而非价值立场上的对立，因此有必要将二者视为网络语言游戏的一个整体现象来看待，并进行话语治理与规范。在一个日益分化和个性显现的时代，在转型和变革中承认“差异性共识”，用关系主义来审视两级话语的建构论，识别出这些话语究竟是寻求社会共识的善意提醒，还是潜隐剧本的反话语表达，准确判断当前的社会心态和社会情绪，是网络话语善治的重要依据和关键一步。

关键词： 隐写, 标出, 话语, 极语, 语力行为, 亚文化, 网络文化, 文化标出性

Abstract: Two predominant discursive expressions,"steganography" and "marking",have emerged in current online communities,each representing an extreme in "restraint" and "expressiveness".This dynamic has given rise to a discursive relationship between "implicit discourse" and "extreme discourse"."Speaking without straightforwardness" has become a significant feature of online folk language,extending from early discussion boards and forums to today's social media zones,gaming communities,and major platforms.Online implicit discourse is almost synonymous with "memes",sharing metaphorical similarities in word formation as well as metonymic connections.The marked cultural characteristics of extreme discourse represent a form of "discursive appropriation",even evolving into online bullying.From the perspective of cyber pragmatics,the illocutionary acts of these polarized discourses are linked to social resonance and meme-driven amplification.Since both implicit and extreme discourse belong to online subcultures and reflect internal differentiation within "heteroglossia" rather than opposition in value positions,it is necessary to view them as an integrated phenomenon in online language games and implement discursive governance and standardization.In an era of increasing social differentiation and individuality,acknowledging "differential consensus" during transformation and change,examining the construction of polarized discourses through relationalism,and discerning whether these discourses represent well-intentioned reminders seeking social consensus or counter-discursive expressions of hidden transcripts are crucial steps for accurately assessing current social attitudes and emotions,forming an essential basis for the sound governance of online discourse.

Key words: steganography, marking, discourse, extreme discourse, illocutionary acts, subculture, internet culture, cultural markedness

陈文敏. “隐写”与“标出”：网络两级话语的语力行为及其亚文化势能[J]. 吉首大学学报（社会科学版）, 2025, 46(5): 108-116.

CHEN Wenmin. "Steganography" and "Marking":Illocutionary Acts and Subcultural Potency in the Polarized Discourse of the Internet[J]. Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences Edition), 2025, 46(5): 108-116.

参考文献

[1] 郭于华.可见光谱之外的政治表达：潜隐剧本[M]∥[美]詹姆斯·C·斯科特.支配与抵抗艺术：潜隐剧本.王佳鹏，译.南京：南京大学出版社，2021.
[2] 龚芳敏.戏仿理论的嬗变轨迹与历史形态研究[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社，2021.
[3] BANKOV K.Cyberbullying and hate speech in the debate around the ratification of the Istanbul convention in Bulgaria:a semiotic analysis of the communication dynamics[J].Social Semiotics,2020,30(3).
[4] 赵毅衡.形式之谜[M].上海：复旦大学出版社，2016.
[5] 张韧弦.形式语用学导论[M].上海：复旦大学出版社，2008.
[6] 乔治·莱考夫，马克·约翰逊.我们赖以生存的隐喻[M].何文忠，译.杭州：浙江大学出版社，2015.
[7] 刘龙根.语力概念与意义表征[J].东北师大学报（哲学社会科学版），2005（3）.
[8] 陈开举.话语权的文化学研究[M].广州：中山大学出版社，2012.
[9] 刘晗.从巴赫金到哈贝马斯——20世纪西方话语理论研究[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社，2017.
[10] 马克·格兰诺维特.镶嵌：社会网与经济行动[M].罗家德，等译.北京：社会科学文献出版社，2015.
[11] 利莫·士弗曼.米姆[M].余渭深，王旭，伍怡然，译.重庆：重庆大学出版社，2016.
[12] 查尔斯·蒂利，西德尼·塔罗.抗争政治[M].李义中，译.南京：译林出版社，2010.
[13] 盛晓明.话语规则与知识基础[M].上海：学林出版社，2000.
[14] 伦纳德·泰尔米.认知语义学（卷I）：概念建构系统[M].李福印，等译.北京：北京大学出版社，2017.
[15] 杨国斌.连线力：中国网民在行动[M].邓燕华，译.桂林：广西师范大学出版社，2013.
[16] 王志红.差异性社会共识理论研究[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社，2016.
[17] 胡易容，赵毅衡.符号学-传媒学词典[M].南京：南京大学出版社，2012.