关键词： 马克思, 法哲学, 个人所有制, 社会所有制, 杜林问题

Abstract: When Duhring criticized Marx's individual ownership mentioned in the first volume of The Capital,he put forward the question why individual ownership was social ownership,which was called “Duhring problem”.The answer to this question was contained in Marx's early philosophy of law.In the process of criticizing Hegel's philosophy of law and national economics,Marx regarded society as the social nature of the individual activities on the one hand,and individual as social existence on the other hand,so the individual and the society were of dialectical relationship based on practice.When analyzing the nature of property,Marx pointed out that the labor product was a perceptual social link,thus the ownership had three connotations of practice,totality and possession.Private ownership,as a product of ownership under specific historical conditions,inevitably led to the control of social relations by the owner of the means of production,and to the exploitation of man by man.The purpose of social ownership was to ensure the individual's possession,the use of the means of production and the labor products,and to provide real protection for the overall development of the individual.It embodied more essential content and historical significance to call social ownership as individual ownership.

Key words: Marx, philosophy of law, individual ownership, social ownership, Duhring problem