吉首大学学报(社会科学版) ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 49-59.DOI: 10.13438/j.cnki.jdxb.2021.05.006

• 哲学 • 上一篇    下一篇

科学与历史:架构唯物史观的两条主线

王清涛   

  1. (山东师范大学 马克思主义学院,山东 济南 250358)
  • 出版日期:2021-09-01 发布日期:2021-11-01
  • 作者简介:王清涛,男,博士,山东师范大学马克思主义学院教授,博士生导师。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA001)

Science and History:Two Main Lines in Constructing Historical Materialism

WANG Qingtao   

  1. (College of Marxism,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250358,China)
  • Online:2021-09-01 Published:2021-11-01

摘要:在马克思的全部学说中,科学和历史交流如绩,铸就唯物史观之“轩辕”。当马克思概括唯物史观中的科学结论时,他总是将其转换为历史对象来处理;当马克思建构人类社会的历史观念时,他总是将其转换为科学对象来把握。科学和历史是马克思架构唯物史观的两条主线,然而,二者在旧的形而上学那里并不相容。知性思维的成果是科学,科学所能得到的确定性结论是永恒的,处在时间之外,根本拒绝真正意义上的历史;而历史,因其在时间中展开,打破了传统形而上学的禁忌。传统形而上学只能发现科学,而不能发现历史——历史是人的生存本身。马克思开启了一种新的真理观,这种真理已经不再是形而上学抽象概念意义上的真理,而是具体的现实在历史中的展开。因而,唯物史观成了科学和历史相统一的人类历史科学。

关键词: 科学, 历史, 唯物史观, 形而上学, 人类历史科学, 马克思, 恩格斯

Abstract: Science and history communicate closely in all Marx's theories.When Marx generalizes the scientific conclusion in historical materialism,he always transforms it into a historical object to deal with.Just like that,when Marx constructs the historical concept of human society,he always transforms it into a scientific object to grasp.Science and history are the two main lines of Marx's structural historical materialism.However,the two are not compatible in the old metaphysics.The result of intellectual thinking is science,and the deterministic conclusion that science can get is eternal,outside time,and fundamentally rejects history in the real sense;and history,because it is unfolded in time,breaks the taboos of traditional metaphysics.Traditional metaphysics can only discover science,not history -history is human existence itself.Marx puts forward a new view of truth,which is no longer the truth in the sense of metaphysical abstract concept,but the development of concrete reality in history.So historical materialism has become the science of human history with the unity of science and history.

Key words: science, history, historical materialism, metaphysics, science of human history, Marx, Engels

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