Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences Edition)

Origin of the Medieval Universities from the Perspective of Academic Capital

HU Qinxiao

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2019, 40(5): 1-13.

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Exploring how medieval universities came into being not only has the historical value of grasping the law of the development of higher education,but also the philosophical significance of asking "where are universities from".From the perspective of academic capital,we can see that the legitimacy of commodity acquired by advanced knowledge is the origin of medieval universities,and if knowledge cannot become a commodity,it is impossible to produce scholar guilds;the formation of scholars' guilds based on knowledge transaction is the starting point of medieval universities,and without teachers' guilds or students' guild,there would be no teacher-type or student-type universities.The exchange logic of advanced knowledge inside and outside the university is the survival fulcrum of medieval universities.It is the exchange of knowledge following moral rules that provides strong economic,political and social support for the development of universities.

The Main Concept that Government Should Abide by in Fulfilling Its Moral Responsibility to Prevent and Control Economic Crisis

PENG Dingguang,ZHONG Lihua

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2019, 40(5): 14-25.

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Economic crisis can be prevented and controlled.Government is the main body involved in the prevention and control of the economic crisis.To fulfill its corresponding moral responsibility,it should establish and follow the concept of respecting the market,the concept of responsibility sharing,the concept of fairness and justice,and the concept of minimum cost.

The Meaning,Nature and Category of Consent

LV Yaohuai

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2019, 40(5): 26-38.

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From the perspective of ethics,the most general sense of consent is that the consenting person,based on his own will,in some form of act or omission,gives a positive or negative expression of intention to the request,suggestion or opinion put forward by the consentee.In addition to the general concept of consent,there are concepts at the secondary level,such as express consent,implied consent,hypothetical consent and presumed consent.Some relevant concepts,such as refusal to consent,withdraw of consent and disconsent should also arouse people's attention.The concept of consent at the second level should be specifically understood according to its special situation on the basis of understanding the concept of consent in the general sense.

An Exploration into the Logic,Harm,and Governance of Grass-Roots Officials' Avoidance of Responsibility

SHENG Mingke,CHEN Tingdong

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2019, 40(5): 39-47.

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The grass-roots officials' avoidance of responsibility is a concentrated manifestation of political slackening.It is based on theofficials' interactive mode of "psychology-individual-organization-environment",and constitutes the systematic restrictive elements of grass-roots governance.From the perspective of organizational behavior,this paper analyzes the generating logic of grass-roots officials' avoidance of responsibility,namely,the value of behavior judgment,the pursuit of profit of behavior structure and the indulgence of behavior results,and analyzes its harm mechanism,that is,falling into the subjective value pattern of grass-roots governance,the deviation of the interests of derived multiple subjects,the goal strategy of replacing the behavior structure,and the mission of deviating from the purpose of behavior results,which provides a basis for the officials' avoidance of responsibility.At the same time,in reshaping the behavioral psychological mechanism,perfecting the behavioral operation mechanism,strengthening the behavioral communication mechanism and building the guarantee mechanism,we should make great efforts to deal with the problem,so as to provide certain theoretical and practical value for promoting the modernization of grass-roots governance system and governance ability in the new era.

Regulation and Accountability:Multiple Governance of Police Discretion in Britain and the United States

HU Jiangang

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2019, 40(5): 48-60.

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The sociological research on police mainly focuses on the potential threats of police behavior to civil liberties,among which there are two biggest findings:one is the large number of discriminatory situations in police law enforcement in Britain and the United States,and the other is that police subculture has become the root of police law enforcement deviating from the rule of law.Therefore,the political supervision over police discretion is not only necessary,but should also be increased.Police have a realistic need for discretion,but it must be controlled within a "prescribed scope",and only the court has the power to conduct a final review of it.Since the beginning of the 21st century,British and American countries have begun to advocate the democratic policing model to regulate police discretion,which distinguishes the police's "operational responsibility" from the government's "policy responsibility",protects the relative independence of the police discretion in law enforcement,and encourages the political authorities to control the police policy.

On Basic Principles of Ecological Law

YU Wenxuan

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2019, 40(5): 62-69.

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The basic principles of ecological law affect the system,content and development trend of ecological law in a country,andthey are the fundamental criteria to link up the value concept and legal system of ecological law.The basic principles of ecological law system should be composed of ecological priority principle,risk prevention principle,beneficiary compensation principle and public participation principle.In the basic principle system,the ecological priority principle is the target principle,the risk prevention principle and the beneficiary compensation principle are the constructive principle,and the public participation principle is the procedural principle.These principles constitute a complete and consistent system,which provide guidance for the construction and improvement of the ecological legal system.

Analysis of the Constitutional Concept of "Ecological Environment"

GONG Gu

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2019, 40(5): 70-80.

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"Ecology" and "environment" originate from different disciplines,which have similar but different meanings and continue to develop."Ecological environment" in China's Constitution is an original concept with rich Chinese characteristics,yet it has caused widespread controversy in the scientific community.Because it is lexically ambiguous and easy to cause misunderstanding,it is not an ideal legal concept.However,it has its rationality and positive significance under special the background of times.The correct treatment to it,from the constitutional point of view,is to accept the fact,analyze it dialectically,and combine it with the modern environmental concept and the existing legal fact to make the broadest interpretation,so as to provide the legitimacy basis for the system innovation in the lower law without the necessity to have a complete correspondence with the legal concept.The interpretation of environmental constitution should be beyond the limitations of the text and be more open and pragmatic.

Legal Expression of the Natural Reserve System with National Park as the Main Body

LIU Chao

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2019, 40(5): 81-92.

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China has put forward the reform goal of forming the "nature reserve system with national park as the main body".The connotation and extension of the nature reserve system should be clarified from the aspects of definition,goal and geo-spatial scope,and the status of "subject" and "foundation" of it should be defined from the point of view of essence rather than form.To examine the legislation of the National Parks Law which has been included in the legislative plan with the theory of the legal system,we should plan the legislation,clarify the ownership of the legal department,and co-integrate the inherent relevance of the relevant separate laws in the legal system.A special "Law on the Protection of Nature" should be formulated to provide a guarantee of the rule of law for the realization of the goal of reform.The emphasis of legislation should include defining the Nature Reserve Law as the basic and policy law in the field of nature protection,establishing the legal standard for the classification of types of nature reserves,and defining the status and relationship of various types of nature reserves.

Legislative Guarantee of Ecological Protection Red Line:Problems and Paths

WANG Shekun,WANG Bin

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2019, 40(5): 93-99.

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The realization of ecological protection red line requires legislation to provide normative guarantees.However,problems,such as low level and gaps of legislation,have occurred in the existing legislation of all kinds of natural protection areas that should be included in the red line of ecological protection,which cannot meet the requirements of "more strict protection".The legislative mode of ecological protection red line is phased and gradual,and we should properly handle the relationship between the unified legislation of ecological protection red line and the special legislation of all kinds of natural protection areas.The core goal of unified legislation should be to establish the basic rules for the delimitation and protection of the red line of ecological protection.The status of ecological protection red line,management principles,delineation of authority,adjustment norms,differentiated protection measures,evaluation and assessment rules and other key contents should be clearly defined.

Transformation of Legal Regulations of Ecological Environment for Public Health Protection

ZHU Bingcheng

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2019, 40(5): 100-108.

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In recent years,the public health damage caused by environmental pollution has become more and more prominent,and environmental health problems have occurred frequently,showing that the public health protection has been marginalized for a long time in the systematic construction of environmental rule of law in our country.Therefore,it is particularly important to establish an environmental legal regulation mechanism for public health protection.In this context,taking the development path of regulation as the starting point,this paper analyzes the evolution of environmental regulation,analyzes the limitations of the individualistic regulation model dominated by market economy and the advantages and legitimacy of government-led administrative regulation in environmental protection and public health protection,so as to clarify the development context and practical needs of environmental legal regulation mechanism.However,in the risk society,the socialization attribute of environmental risk is becoming more and more prominent.In the face of complex and diverse environmental problems,it is difficult to achieve the goal of environmental legal regulation relying solely on the role of public power.With the enhancement of the awareness of public participation in environmental protection and the rise of market-based environmental regulation means,it has become the right choice to achieve the goal of environmental legal regulation to establish public-private partnership model of environmental risk legal regulation mechanism and achieve the cooperative cooperation of multiple subjects by giving full play to the mandatory and normative role of the law under the supervision and management of administrative organs.

Is Children's Literature a Kind of Conservative Literature?

WU Qinan

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2019, 40(5): 110-115.

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Adults look at children and children's literature similar to colonists looking at colonial people and their culture.In order to confirm their civilized and rational identity of modern people,adults have created the other image of primitive man/ savage/child,who are barbarous,childish,uncivilized and undeveloped,in order to distinguish themselves and their literature from the created ones.This naturally endows children's literature with a certain conservative nature.Conservatism in children's literature is not always negative.The arrival of modern "metaphorical society" and "post-metaphorical society" also provides an opportunity for children's literature to break the fetter of conservatism.

Theoretical Conception and Research Path of the Evolution History of Children's Literature in China in the Past Hundred Years

WU Xiangyu

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2019, 40(5): 116-123.

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Children's literature in China is an organic part of Chinese literature characterized by "literary modernization",and its hundred-year history is isomorphic to the transformation of modern China.The internal relationships between "evolution","evolution history" and "evolution history study" are effectively integrated in the overall and systematic study of the evolution history of Chinese children's literature in the past hundred years,which has important theoretical value for redrawing the historical picture and literary pedigree of Chinese children's literature.The study of the evolution history of Chinese children's literature in the past hundred years is not the superposition of dynastic history.Guided by the theme of "new imagination",it highlights the internal context of foundation,continuation,development,flexibility,opposition and controversy in the sense of generative theory,representing the development and evolution of Chinese children's literature in the past hundred years with the use of the evolution of children's view and aesthetic form,showing its unique literary charm in the pattern of nationality and the world.

Characterization of Children's Literature as a Scale of Evaluation

LI Lifang

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2019, 40(5): 124-130.

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Characterization is an important topic in the study of the basic theory of children's literature,which is particularly urgent and important under the background of weak character shaping in the original children's literature in our country.The special literary attributes and basic functions of children's literature determine that their characters are the key spiritual power to summon and lead children readers to carry out the aesthetic experience.A large number of classical children's literature presents such a literary law.Summing up the changes and development of the characters in children's literature in China in the past hundred years,it is found that the crucial aesthetic problem in image shaping still lies in solving the problem of "child-orientation" in the adult social concept.

Possibility and Boundary:the Theoretical Construction of Chinese Picture Books in the Past Hundred Years

DU Chuankun

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2019, 40(5): 131-138.

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In the past hundred years,the exploration of the theory of picture books in China has mainly focused on three aspects.The first is the value of picture books to children.According to the theory of children's age,the younger the age,the more pictures are needed,showing the trend of classifying picture books into children's literature.Contemporary original picture books do not lack traditional cultural elements and painting techniques,but they need to make up for the lack of "childlike nature".The second is the name and identity of picture books.The former is related to the consciousness of this art form,while the latter focuses on whether to classify picture books into children's literature.The difference of views lies in whether to recognize the special narrative function of picture books.The contemporary original picture book should go beyond the illustrative expression and explore the narrative art of the picture.Finally,there is the picture-text relationship in picture books.The contemporary mainstream point of view emphasizes the interaction between picture and text,and the concept of "boundless picture book" is opposed to the concept of "complementary narration" as the only legitimate picture-text relationship and supreme value standard of picture books.The vitality of picture books lies in the "infinite possibility" of the relationship between picture and text.This paper clarifies and reflects on the construction of the theory of picture books in China in the past hundred years,and examines the possibility and boundary of picture books,a kind of children's literature,in order to promote the development of original picture books in China.

From EGP to ESP：the Tendency of the Reform of College English Teaching

BAI Lan

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2019, 40(5): 139-145.

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The traditional EGP teaching in universities has become more and more difficult to meet the needs of the training of applied talents. As ESP teaching is characterized by professionalism,openness,practicability and interactivity,it is more consistent with the needs and objectives of the training of applied talents. In this condition,the transformation of college English teaching from EGP to ESP will become a tendency. The applied talents who have specific professional knowledge and can complete the work in the professional field in English should be identified as the training objectives of college English teaching. For this purpose,the reform and innovation should be carried out in the aspects of teaching modes,teaching methods,curriculum systems,textbook compilation,and teacher allocation and so on.

"Return to Class":Theory and Significance

HU Manying

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2019, 40(5): 146-153.

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"Return to class" is a response and counterattack to "class extinction".The theory of "return to class" maintains that social class structure and class relations have indeed changed in history,but the essence of class and class relations have not changed;class continues to exist and affect society,and class analysis is still an effective tool to analyze the society.The effort of "return to class" is attributed to the contemporary labor research that regards workplace as the place of power system and class confrontation,which correctly reveals social class inequality from the perspective of "workshop power".The reappearance of class discourse is the theoretical echo of social inequality.In the new era,the existence of class shows the new characteristics and trend such as the "new poverty" of the working class,the "proletarianization" of the middle class and the formation of global industrial class.We should return to class,bring workers back to the center of analysis and adhere to and reshape class discourse from a new perspective.

Virginia Woolf's Acceptance of and Transcendence over the Bloomsbury Group in Literary View

QIU Gao

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2019, 40(5): 154-160.

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The Bloomsbury Group is the most influential elite cultural group in Britain in the 20th century,which is famous for its anti-tradition and modernity.As a core figure of the Bloomsbury Group,Virginia Woolf has been actively engaged in dialogues with the literary view advocated by the Group through literary creation.Her literary creation reflects the distinct Bloomsbury ethos,that is,the unremitting pursuit of pure art and the free cooperation of emotion and intelligence.Woolf's transcendence over Bloomsbury's literary view is embodied in her view of creative form,reality of life and androgyny,which has left valuable cultural relics in the history of English literature.

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