Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences Edition)

The Mode Selection and Institutional Design of Rural Public Service under the New Normal

FAN He-Sheng, TANG Hui-Min

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2016, 37(1): 1-9.

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Presently,China’s Four Comprehensives strategy (comprehensively build a moderately prosperous society,comprehensively deepen reform,comprehensively govern the nation according to law,and comprehensively strictly govern the Party) is in a critical period.Under the new economic normal,the macro-environment,peasants’ demand,and national policies have changed to some extent,which provides a mode selection for the rural public service and shows a way for its promotion as well.The mode of rural public service should be peasants’ demand-oriented and livelihood-cored,directed by socialized reform and supported by urban-rural integration.Gradually strengthening the institutional design of rural public service at the same time,we should construct a multi-element supply system of government leading,social coordination,market promotion,and public participation.

Institutional Anchor,Cognition and Implementation of the Rural Land System

HONG Ming-Yong

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2016, 37(1): 10-18.

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Institutional anchor plays a pivotal role in the correct cognition of any institution in that cognitive biases are inevitably formed by people from different backgrounds.Cognitive biases on rural land system,in their transmission and multiplication,produce multiple effects:anchoring effects from the biased institutional anchor，and accumulative effects from the biased transmission and multiplication.These effects lead to conflicts among different stakeholders,and make the institutional performance far from expectation.Therefore,it is vital to correct all the cognitive biases so as to ensure the implementation of the rural land system in a timely and efficient way.

Human Rights:From Abstract to Specification

GONG Qun

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2016, 37(1): 19-24.

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The concept of human rights is an important one in modern political philosophy.It first appeared as the concept of natural rights in the 17^thand 18^thenturies,and was given much attention in the 20^thcentury.However,the concept of human rights,whether appeared as natural rights or modern people’s rights,is an abstract concept,which is not necessarily meant to protect people.Genocide to the Jews during the Second World War is an example to show the dilemma of human rights in modern society.The practice of human rights in the 20^thcentury has shown that the enjoyment of human rights should be preconditioned by civil rights or citizenship in a modern national state.

Xing and Xiang：From the Book of Songs to the Book of Changes

QI Liang, YIN Jiang-Cheng

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2016, 37(1): 25-31.

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Xing is the soul of the Book of Songs，and Xiang is the root of the Book of Changes.While Xing reflects our ancient ancestors’ basic approach to knowing and dealing with the world,Xiang marks the meaning generation mechanism of subjective consciousness.The development from the Book of Songs to the Book of Changes reflects the thinking mode transition from Xing to Xiang.In the Xing thinking,meaning is detached from a phenomenon;while in Xiang thinking,meaning is derivative of a phenomenon observed.There exists the difference of sensual experience and mental processing between Xing and Xiang.For its defect of subjective disenlightenment,Xing is not regarded superior to Xiang.On the other hand,Xiang seems more advantageous for its subjective consciousness.In a sense,the ontology of Chinese philosophy is a transcendent return to Xing.

Lu Jiuyuanin the Eyes of Kang Youwei

WEI Yi-Xia

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2016, 37(1): 32-39.

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A follower of Zhu Xi in his early years,Kang Youwei turned to follow Liu Jiuyuan and Wang Shouren later on.In his opinion,Lu Jiuyuan spreaded Mencius thought and inherited Mencius Idealism,thus being the leading figure of Idealism.Kang Youwei clarified and reflected on the questions about the content of Lu Jiuyuan’s idealism,the relations between Lu Jiuyuan’s thought and Song-Ming learning,and the place of Lu Jiuyuan and his philosophy in Song-Ming Learning.Kang Youwei’s interpretations and comments on Lu Jiuyuan not only conformed to his own thought change and philosophical interest,but also embodied his attitude towards and appreciation of the relations between Lu Jiuyuan and Zhu Xi,and the whole Song-Ming Learning at large.It is for these reasons that Kang Youwei’s outlook on Lu Jiuyuan’s thoughts offers both a new approach to understanding Lu Jiuyuan and a mirror reflecting his own thought change and philosophical pursuit.

The Theory of Environmental Justice Based on Reflective Equilibrium——A Review on Peter S.Wenz’s Concentric Circle Theory

WANG Yu-Chen, YOU Qin

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2016, 37(1): 40-49.

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Employing Rawls' method of reflective equilibrium,Wenz analyzes the theoretical merits and demerits of virtue theory,property rights theory,human rights theory,utilitarianism,Rawls' theory of justice,Bio-centrism,and Eco-centrism,and claims that a plural justice theory must be constructed to replace the existing theories of justice above whose merits and demerits become notable when applied to issues of environmental justice.He further proposes the “concentric circle” theory which takes interpersonal relationship as its core and defines the relationship between responsibilities and obligations by interpersonal intimacy.Wenz’s theory of environmental justice is of great significance for us to develop our non-Western-centralist eco-civilization theories and to achieve our eco-civilization.

〗Ecological Shift of Humanity：An Integration of Nature and Society

LU Yan-Qin, PENG Fu-Yang

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2016, 37(1): 50-57.

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The essence of human and natural crises is humanity crisis.Interpretations of humanity,whether ancient or modern,home or abroad,have been confined to the dogma of human attributes,which defines humanity from one or other human attributes neglecting the importance of the surroundings in the development of humanity.Ecological Humanity interprets humanity as factual existence of humans comprising four closely linked and interrelated attributes,namely,naturality,sociality,practicality and value,impacted and restricted by both the external natural environment and the internal social environment.Thus,a system of “good” and “Big Love”,civilization and morality must be constructed from within the society where the prosperity of the nature becomes part of the societal development and communication between human and nature becomes barrier-free.Ultimately,human beings become highly integrated with nature.

The Achilles’ Heel of Patent Law and Its Solutions

LIANG Zhi-Wen

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2016, 37(1): 58-69.

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Technological innovation,which is the engine of economic development,is encouraged by patent law through market profits of invention.However,when the anticipated profits of invention are lower or less than the investment,patent law cannot achieve its purpose of encouraging innovation.Thus,the market profits of invention under patent law are its Achilles’ heel.To overcome the shortcomings of patent law,the policy tool and law adopted by the stateare diversified,including the public fund,R&D credit and so on.With different territory，different institutions have different returns and costs,leading to different influence among the society and the innovators.Thus,it is necessary to uphold the basic role of patent law,and meanwhile to take other laws seriously.This is the criterion to reform the patent law,and is also the starting point to perfect other laws to encourage innovation.

Justifying Patent System:the Dilemma of Arrow Paradox and Its Reinterpretation

ZHAO Yong

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2016, 37(1): 70-81.

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Knowledge consists of information of different hierarchies.Knowledge leading to invention is the mixture of tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge.Tacit knowledge,hard to share and express,does not possess the property of public goods.Because of this,Arrow Information Paradox,which was traditionally employed to illustrate patent legitimacy,lacks logical and practical interpretation and needs to be reinterpreted.Tacit knowledge can be converted into explicit knowledge under certain conditions,and patent legitimacy encourages disclosing tacit knowledge through patent document and encourages diffusion of tacit knowledge through empower the exclusivity to the inventor who shoulders the cost of codification.Thus,tacit knowledge which is not codified shall not be protected by patent.It shall be careful to overprotect the right of patent owner in such aspects of sufficient disclosure,PHOSITA,prior art and experiment exception,and so on.

On Enterprises’ Involvement in Disaster Management in the Risk Society——Analysis Based on Wal-Mart’s Response to Hurricane Katrina

YANG An-Hua, XU Ke-Wei

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2016, 37(1): 82-90.

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The unique advantages and the strong “joint forces” formed by various social strengths including enterprises in disaster management secure the safety of human beings in a society full of various natural disasters.Enterprise,as one of the most important social forces,is required to play an active role in disaster management,not just on the level of self sound development and corporate social responsibility,but the necessity of improving the disaster management capacity as well.By the analyzing Wal-Mart’s response to Hurricane Katrina,we find that daily perfect emergency management system and sufficient preparation before disasters are fundamental to Wal-Mart’s successful self-rescue in Hurricane Katrina and in its participation in communities’ emergency rescue.It is an important orientation for Chinese enterprises to improve disaster management capacity in the future.

Challenges of Crisis Learning in China——A Perspective of After Action Reports

ZHANG Mei-Lian

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2016, 37(1): 91-99.

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As a tool of lessons sharing,After Action Reports (AARs) are widely used to improve preparation and emergency response by public sectors in western countries,while little attention has been paid in this regard in China.A comparative study of four AARs to industrial accidents home and abroad is conducted on the basis of a crisis learning process model,and three suggestions are proposed in terms of bringing AARs into full play.Firstly,keeping the investigation process independent and investigation method scientific in order to achieve credibility of the report;secondly,cutting down the red tape of the report in order to achieve feasibility of the lessons drawn;finally,releasing the report on a larger scale at a proper time in order to widely spread the lessons.

Issues of Ethnic Religion and Folk Religion and Their Governance——A Case Study in the Ethnic Areas of Yunnan Province

SUN Hao-Ran

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2016, 37(1): 100-106.

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Issues of ethnic religion and folk religion are the weak points in academic research and religious work as well.So far,few discussions are made in the governance of them.The traditional single governance mode should give place to multi-variant modes,making clear their social position,belief position,cultural position and research position,properly governing them and making innovation in theory and practice of religious governance.It is believed that the governance ofethnic religion and folk religion should be based on a “national-social-market-folk” framework,so that a collaborated modern religious governance system could be established.

Social Transfer of Policing Services——Development of Overseas Practice of Private Policing and Its Implication on Policing Reform in China

HU Jian-Gang

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2016, 37(1): 107-113.

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From the perspectives of purpose,object and scope,policing services can be divided into two broad categories:public policing and private policing,functioning differently in the social control system.In the modern society,private policing has become supplementary and coordinative to public policing.In the West,there exist two basic forms of private policing:outsourced security services and affiliated security departments.The market-oriented private policing supply,running parallel with the public policing supplied by the government,marks the trend of social transfer of policing in the western countries and regions that can be referred to in China’s policing reform.

The Cultural Ecology Issues of Dong People——Taking a Field Study of the “Sasui” Ritual in Pingtan Dong Village of Tongdao County of Hunan

LIAO Jun-Xiang

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2016, 37(1): 114-122.

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The unique Sasui culture of Dong people comprises the psychological features,the way of thinking,behavior standards,aesthetic taste and ethic norms derived from the Sasui beliefs and worship.As a dynamic subsystem,it contributes enormously to the construction of the whole value of the Dong ethnic culture.It is also an individual secondary culture,whose sustainability depends on the cultural ecology.

Ethnic Culture Identity:Construction of Tunpu People’s Belief in God Wang

DU Cheng-Cai, LONG Xian-Qiong

Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2016, 37(1): 123-128.

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Tunpu people,in Anshun,Guizhou Province,worship their local god Wang Hua,who developed from a local governor in Huizhou to a god blessing people in Huizhou and Anshun.Culture played an important role in the process.The belief in god Wang is an essential composition in the local culture of Anshun,making it a cultural factor different from neighboring ethnic groups.Lifting palanquin of god Wang exertsgreat influence in local social life,gathering Tunpu people’s strength.

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