Abstract:

The concept of human rights is an important one in modern political philosophy.It first appeared as the concept of natural rights in the 17^th and 18^th enturies,and was given much attention in the 20^th century.However,the concept of human rights,whether appeared as natural rights or modern people’s rights,is an abstract concept,which is not necessarily meant to protect people.Genocide to the Jews during the Second World War is an example to show the dilemma of human rights in modern society.The practice of human rights in the 20^th century has shown that the enjoyment of human rights should be preconditioned by civil rights or citizenship in a modern national state.

Key words: abstract human rights, natural rights, human rights, citizenship；Hannah Arendt