Table of Content

    15 March 2007, Volume 28 Issue 2
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    Philosophy
    On Absolutism (The Middle Part)——The Origin of Autocracy
    WANG Hai-Ming
    Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2007, 28(2):  1-11. 
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    Civil slavishness,traditional custom,absolutism theories by ideologists,meritorious great leaders as well as national wills which are suitable to autocracy,are all the causes for the occurrence and existence of autocracy.However,only three causes are the roots for autocracy,i.e.Asiatic mode of production,the single highest leader,and the human nature of the highest leader to seek the highest power.Regarding the roots and the various reasons for autocracy,autocracy is accidental,possible,and free-choosing under any circumstances,even under the circumstances that all the reasons for the autocracy exist.Autocracy is absolutely accidental,and is not absolutely and historically inevitable.
    On Marx and Engles’ Criticism on Stirnen’s Egoism——Reading Notes on German Ideology
    LI Pei-Chao, ZHANG Fang
    Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2007, 28(2):  12-17. 
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    German Ideology is an important work by Marx and Engles.It contains rich ethic ideology and presents the ethic essence of Marx and Engles.By criticizing Stirnen’s egoism,it illustrates the foundation of value and the development of human ethic ideology,stresses the close connection between human moral concept and realistic life,and criticizes the wrong trend of frothy value impartment without considering concrete social and historical conditions.
    Function Annotation on Individual Intercourse Subjectivity
    LONG Bai-Lin
    Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2007, 28(2):  18-22. 
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    Individual intercourse subjectivity,as one kind of intercourse relation condition,has dual functions.In terms of microscopic function,it displays the human-oriented function of promoting the individuation development and the socialized development;in terms of macroscopic function,it can initiate well-ordered intercourse and treat the pathological intercourse.The unbalanced structure of individual intercourse subjectivity also can affect its function display,and create the distortion of human-oriented function and the losing efficacy of well-ordered intercourse function.
    Law
    A Research on the Function of the System of Review of Constitutionality in Resolving Various Legal disputes and Social Contradictions
    MO Ji-Hong
    Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2007, 28(2):  23-34. 
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    In the modern constitutional society,it is the basic principle to manage state affairs in accordance with the law,and the law plays an important role in resolving legal disputes and contradictions.To strictly fulfill the principle of rule of law,it is necessary to guarantee the unity of legal institution.The conflicts between laws frequently lead to the intensity of social disputes and conflicts,therefore,it is essential to guarantee the coordination and unity of laws based on the constitution.It is an important measure to examine the laws and rules which are unconstitutional.Though judicial review system has been established in our country,it has not fully played its role in maintaining the unity of legal institution due to the lack concrete process and mechanism.It is important to strengthen the mechanism of review of constitutionality to carry out the principle of managing state affairs in accordance with the law and accelerate the harmony of society.
    Reflections on Carrying out the Principle of Direct Verbal Trial in Criminal Action in Our Country
    DONG Ya-Ping, ZHOU Fang-Jian
    Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2007, 28(2):  35-40. 
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    The principle of direct verbal trial is a basic modern principle in criminal action,which is carried out in the practice of criminal action in many countries.Though the criminal law and some relevant explanations in our country have embodied the principle of direct verbal trial,this principle is not totally carried out due to the obstacles in legislation and judicial practice.Therefore,to carry out this principle in our country,we must set up a system to require the witness to appear in court,restrict the written oral evidence,and reform the ways of court trials.This paper,starting from analyzing the obstacles,proposes some assumptions to carry out this principle.
    On the Legal Character of Criminal Law and Its Shaping on the Character of Criminal Law—— Analysis from the Perspective of the Structure of Interest of Criminal law
    SU Yong-Sheng
    Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2007, 28(2):  41-44. 
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    Traditional legitimate interests of criminal law are composed of state’s legitimate interest,social legitimate interest and individual legitimate interest,in which the most important duty of criminal law is to protect state's legitimate interest.Under this structure of legitimate interests,scholars often think that criminal law belongs to public law.Although some jurists have put forward that criminal law is the law which guarantees the implementation of other laws many long ago,the opinion that criminal law belongs to public laws is not changed yet,which does not conform to the developing tendency of criminal law.In the view of rule-of-law in criminal,legitimate interests of criminal law should include state’s legitimate interest,social legitimate interest,individual legitimate interest,and ecological legitimate interest.Furthermore,individual legitimate interest is preferential legitimate interest,social legitimate interest and ecological legitimate interest are fundamental legitimate interests,state's legislate interest is guaranteeing legitimate interest.Under this structure of legitimate interests of criminal law,peculiarity of criminal law ought to be defined that criminal law is only the law which guarantees implementation of other laws.This conclusion not only discloses legal peculiarity of criminal law,but also molds legal character of criminal law again.
    A Brief Analysis on the Legislation of Local Autonomy of Nanjing Kuomin Government
    LONG Yi
    Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2007, 28(2):  45-48. 
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    Local autonomy,which aimed at seeking democracy and social progress,was an inevitable content in the process of legal modernization since the late Qing Dynasty.The Nanjing Kuomin government existed in the height of legal modernization in China,whose autonomy law was most mature and precise.However,there was no time enough for it to establish real local autonomous system.This paper gives a brief analysis on the legislation of local autonomy of Nanjing Kuomin government.
    History
    Oppugning “The Emperor’s Power is Never Descended bellow the County”——A  Long-run Dynamic Historical Examination
    ZHANG Xin-Guang
    Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2007, 28(2):  49-59. 
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    During the more than 2,000 years from the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the registered population of China was within twenty million to sixty million,with a basic arable area of eight hundred million mu and one thousand and five hundred counties.It was a small county system with some smaller systems of organization.Relying on county administration,political influence of the imperial power reached everywhere of the country.This fact proves that the assumption “The Emperor’s Power is Never Descended bellow the County”,proposed by western scholars,is totally groundless.
    A New Exploration into the Motive of Emperor Yong Zheng’s Policy of “Gai Tu Gui Tian”:a Policy of the Qing Dynasty to Strengthen Its Control in the South-west Frontier
    MA Guo-Jun
    Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2007, 28(2):  60-67. 
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    The internal political and defense situation and the special strategic position of the south-west frontier in the early Qing dynasty urged Emperor Yong Zheng to strengthen management in the area.One of the main reasons for the policy of “Gai Tu Gui Tian” is to prevent the local powers to change their sides and support the west Mongolians to invade southward.The policy was to meet the demand to strengthen the inner frontier defense.
    The Cooperative Organizations during The Republic of China (1912-1949) and the Transformation of Modern Rural Society
    SUN Shao-Liu, SUN Zhong-Min
    Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2007, 28(2):  68-72. 
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    The cooperative organizations in the 1920s-1930s smashed the traditional leasehold situation in rural society dominated by usurers,and promoted the traditional debit and credit relationship to a modern type.At the same time,the routine duties of the cooperation organizations also improved traditional agriculture production.It gave a modern touch to the traditional rural agriculture,and produced a deep influence on the transformation of traditional rural society into a modern one.
    Ethnology and Anthropology Study
    Cultural Selection and Ecological Crisis
    DU Wei, YIN Shao-Ting
    Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2007, 28(2):  73-78. 
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    Biology and ethnology interact and impel one another.Ethnology,which introduces evolutionism from biology,is not complete.Two concepts,cultural selection and cultural selection divergence,are to be introduced besides natural selection and artificial selection to realize the theoretical compatibility of biology and anthropology,and meet the demand of theoretical analysis of ethnology.Only in this way can cultural cause of ecological disaster that ethnology is faced be understood.
    On Cultural Diversity and Ecological Maintenance
    LUO Kang-Long
    Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2007, 28(2):  79-84. 
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    The diversity of ecological environment on the earth has effectively maintained the diversity of human culture,which in tern leads to the diversity of resource utilization and helps disperse the pressure of human society on resources and maintain ecological environment.Under such circumstances,this paper analyzes the relationship between the diversity of culture and ecological safety,exploring the negative effect of clan culture convergence on ecological safety as well as its adjusting system so as to find out the sustainable mode of utilizing the earth’s resources and keep the ecological environment safe.
    On the Value of Local Knowledge in Maintaining a Weak Ecological System—— Taking the Ecological Salvation of Stone Desert in the Limestone Mountainous Areas as an Example
    YOU Jun, TIAN Hong
    Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2007, 28(2):  85-90. 
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    Local knowledge is a general concept with cultural attribute.This paper,taking the ecological salvation of stone desert in the limestone mountainous areas as an example,discusses the value of local knowledge in maintaining a weak ecological system.Based on the analysis of the cause of stone desert,it is proposed to utilize the local knowledge of various nationalities to prevent stone desert.
    A Cultural Factors Analysis on the Infestation of Modern Biological Pollution
    YANG Ting-Shuo, YANG Cheng
    Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2007, 28(2):  91-96. 
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    The infestation of biological pollution in the late 20th century has formed a major aspect of ecological disaster,seriously threatened the sustainable development of relevant nations and caused great concern from the academic circles.However,no agreement could be reached on the cause of this infestation.Regarding that modern biological pollution does not occur under pure natural circumstances,but occur under the double backgrounds of nature and humane,it is impossible to find out the true cause of it if we neglect the modern humane circumstances of the coexistence of multi-cultures.Two concepts of biological restriction and cultural restriction are introduced in this paper to analyze the social factors for the infestation of biological pollution.It is pointed out that the modern ways of human existence have helped to make the situation worse,and that we should be established in the cultures of different nations and change the resource utilization to prevent biological pollution effectively.
    A Research on the Connotation of the Dress of the Miao People
    LONG Xiang-Ping
    Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences Edition), 2007, 28(2):  97-100. 
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    The dress of the Miao people is not only to show the artistic form unique to a certain nationality.Its process of artistic innovation has experienced contiguity,intermixture,division,and fusion of many scattered nationalities and has gradually formed its own features according to its needs by a group aesthetic concept.As a carrier of national culture,it reflects a strong sense of national identity and national spirit and thus contains a deep connotation of national culture.
    Literature
    An Examination on Absurdness,Irony,and Existence——Ge Fei’s “Sage Narration” and His Description of the Intellectuals
    CAI Zhi-Cheng
    Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2007, 28(2):  101-107. 
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    Since the 1990s,narration in pioneer novels gradually changed its exploration of forms,and the writers,from a fancied,figurative reality,began to deeply explore the existence circumstances.Ge Fei’s “sage narration” and his description of the intellectuals,in a context of haphazard,absurdness,and irony,gave a vivid picture to the intellectuals as well as their desires.His examination on existence not only provided spiritual aide-memoirs for the cultural crisis of the intellectuals,but also gave a new hope to the fading torch of culture.
    The Coexistence of Different Styles and the Development of the Styles of Literary Composition in Rhyme 
    JIANG Chang-Dong
    Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2007, 28(2):  108-112. 
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    It is an objective literature phenomenon that the various styles of Chinese literary composition in rhyme,old and new,existed simultaneously in their development.The general reasons for human beings to naturally and instinctively accept cultural heritage,the special cultural psychology for the Han people to worship the ancient and the sages,and the philosophical reasons caused by the identity of opposites,contribute the main factors for the coexistence of different styles.This coexistence is of great significance to form and perfect the new style,to reconstruct of the old style,and to promote the literary composition in rhyme in the long run.
    A Comparative Study on Chinese and Indian Classical Theories of “Charm”
    REN Xian-Da, TIAN Ni
    Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2007, 28(2):  113-116. 
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    Some similarities and dissimilarities can be found from the comparison between Chinese classical theory of “charm” and that of India,which have no conspicuous external factual connection.Their similarities lie in four aspects,firstly,“charm”,as an aesthetic category,is highly valued in both theories;secondly,both theories regards that “charm” and “sentiment” are essentially related;thirdly,they have similar understanding to the connotation of “charm”;and fourthly,both theories are illustrated with the help of metaphor.Their dissimilarities are seen in two aspects,one is that they have different origins and sources;another is that the latter apparently presents us a more thorough and deeper research in the study of “charm”.
    On the Six Essential Elements of World Local Literature
    YANG Rui-Ren
    Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2007, 28(2):  117-122. 
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    The theory and practice of local literature in the modern sense started in the Enlightenment of France in the middle of 18th century,and they were born in Romanticism of world literature.Six essential elements were formed during the development of world local literature,i.e.local,clodhopper (literature image),local transition,local rationality,local narration,and chuff.In these six elements,each contained two basic types,i.e.nature and society;countryside “pipsqueak” and countryside “big pot”;economy and concept;cognitive rationality and rationality of normal form;application of dialects and idioms and innovation of style;personal factor and epoch factor.The six essential elements and twelve types cover the regional,image,epoch,ideology,art,and creation subject features of world local literature,and they are the rulers to judge the basic scope of local literature.Their quality and connection with national culture and spiritual pursuit are also important rulers to judge the achievement of local literature.
    Communication Anxiety and the Church Metaphor——The Communication Problems in Dostoevsky’s Novels
    TANG Wen-Hui
    Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2007, 28(2):  123-127. 
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    Dostoevsky’s novels reflect an anxiety of communication,which is the embodiment of subjectivism value in modern society,and is also a result of human materialization.Dostoevsky uses polytonal novels and dialogism to criticize materialization,and he tries to resolve the crisis of communication in modern society.The world of his novels is like a church where many different sounds are communicated together.
    Spiritual Variation and Psychological Salvation ——The Modern Presentation of Orestes Topic in O’Neil's Trilogy Mourning
    FU Shou-Xiang
    Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2007, 28(2):  128-132. 
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    As a controversial literature topic of ancient Greece to show the special concern on human fate and existence,Orestes topic has always possessed everlasting enlightenment.Drama writers in different periods use it to show their reflections on human life as well as their resistance against reality.O’Neil,the father of American drama,has put some modern psychological elements in this old topic in his famous trilogy Mourning to further explore the most secret part of human soul.His trilogy reflects the existence plight of human spirit and realizes a psychological salvation by reconstructing free will and a willing choice of suffering.
    Sociology
    A Chivalrous Man’s Imagination and Chinese Intellectuals’ Identity Recognition——On the Sociological Significance of Jin Yong’s Fictions
    YANG Chun-Shi, PENG Yong
    Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2007, 28(2):  133-139. 
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    Chivalrous imagination is a response to modern anxiety.With the occurrence of modernity and the disintegration of traditional society,Chinese intellectuals are facing serious existing and identity-recognition crisis.Some of them respond the crisis by chivalrous imagination in literature.Under the circumstances of modernity,Jin Yong’s chivalrous fictions present an unusual significance by a modern illustration and imagination of the chivalrous men.His chivalrous fictions,by criticizing the darkness of the martial world instead of praising it,show modern intellectuals’ removal of social recognition,and they surmount modern political recognition by breaking nationalism instead of singing a song for it.These fictions also present a surmounting over the traditional culture by denying chivalrous righteousness and criticizing the martial world.Jin Yong’s modern chivalrous fictions finally finish the recognition of traditional society (the martial world),the surmounting and removal of nation (nationalism) and culture (chivalrous righteousness).The chivalrous imagination in Jin Yong’s fictions is a cultural way for Chinese intellectuals to solve the crisis of identity- recognition and seek self-recognition,and an imaginary self-relied power in a deeper level.
    On the Practical Intent of Emile Durkeim’s Sociological Ideology
    XIAO Fu-Qun
    Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2007, 28(2):  140-144. 
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    The development of Durkeim’s sociological ideology clearly demonstrated his practical intention to amend social order. Faced with the severe crisis in France and Europe in the middle and late of the 19th centaury, Durkeim anatomized the mechanism and condition for the operation of modern industrial society in a scientific way, and found that the root for social crisis lay in the crack between legal institution and moral which were to conform society. Based on this, Durkeim proposed the principle to amend social order, i.e. occupation criterion and moral construction under state supervision.
    Political science
    On Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping’s Political Ideology of Socialist Democracy
    LIU Guo-Hua
    Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2007, 28(2):  145-149. 
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    Mao Zedong had always attached great importance to socialist democratic politics in the process of constructing socialist modernization.He founded the theory of people’s democratic dictatorship,proposed to correctly distinguish two antinomies of different nature,initiated people to be the masters of their own,and established a political strategy for the Communist Party to supervise mutually with other Parties and exist long together.However,he also made some mistakes in this process.Deng Xiaoping succeeded Mao’s democratic political ideology and further developed socialist democratic politics.A socialist,modern country with clear and bright politics and people’s democracy is being formed.
    On the Traditional Political Character of China ——Taking the Story of Three Visits to the Hut and The Unofficial Life History of Li Shishi as Referance
    ZHANG Jing-Hua
    Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2007, 28(2):  150-157. 
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    The relationship between the superior and inferior was the very same with that between man and woman in ancient Chinese tradition.The doctrine of a liegeman is suitable for that of a wife,and the same is the national emotion for personal emotion and the political emotion for gender emotion.However,the individuals among the political relationship still needed to embody their emotions,and this is called “political character”.In this sense,the experience of seeking a worthy person in the story of Three Visits to the Hut in the ancient novel The Historical Novel of Three Kingdoms is quite similar to the emotional imbroglio in the book The Unofficial Life History of Li Shishi in terms of deep concept and story structure.
    Aesthetics
    Learning from Virtue and Awaking to Truth——The Core of Ecological Aesthetics in Ancient China
    PENG Song-Qiao
    Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2007, 28(2):  158-162. 
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    The core of ecological aesthetics in ancient China can be concluded by a view to virtually respect life,a deep,flexible,yet non-subjective awakening to ecology,a creative feeling to fully appreciate ecology,and a way to master ecology by esteeming harmony.It is these aspects of ecological aesthetics that give birth to the brilliant Chinese aesthetics culture,and they are still valuable spiritual treasures today in constructing our harmonious society.
    Linguistics
    A Relevance-Adaptation Research on Euphemism
    XU Xiang-Ping
    Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2007, 28(2):  163-166. 
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    The selection of euphemism is a dynamic process,in which the communicator is constantly searching for the relevant linguistic context and adapting himself/herself to it.The communicator’s presumption of relevance decides his/her choices of the styles.Based on the relevance-adaptation model,the further study on euphemism is helpful for us to better understand and use natural languages.
    Information and Archives
    Value Paradox in the Process of Verification of Documents
    JIANG Chao-Mei
    Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2007, 28(2):  167-169. 
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    Value verification of documents is of great significance for management,storage,exploitation,and utilization.However,there exist many paradoxes in the process of verification;among them mainly are time paradox,subjective paradox,and logic paradox.
    Management science
    A Research on Education Cost Calculation and Control of the Independent Colleges
    HUANG Chao-Song
    Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2007, 28(2):  170-172. 
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    The independent colleges should calculate their education cost according to students’ majors and divide the cost into a direct one and an indirect one.The calculation should follow four principles and be conducted in a scientific way.
    A Brief Discussion on Campus Trafficking in Colleges and Universities
    XIANG Cheng-Xu
    Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2007, 28(2):  173-176. 
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    This paper gives a brief analysis and discussion on the guiding principle of campus trafficking in colleges and universities.The principle should be people-oriented and stress on convenience,safety,and joy,and should be adjusted to practical conditions.
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