Abstract: The relationship between humanity and nature constitutes a fundamental proposition throughout the development of civilization.Under the dominance of capital logic,Western civilization's predatory exploitation of natural resources has encountered the contradiction between the infinite expansion of capital accumulation and the finite capacity of natural resources,triggering a global ecological crisis.Neither eco-centrism nor green capitalism—the two solutions proposed by Western civilization—has correctly grasped the dialectical relationship between humanity and nature or between capital and ecology.The new form of human civilization,created under the leadership of the Communist Party of China,transcends eco-centrism by "harnessing capital" and surpasses green capitalism by "regulating capital",thereby integrating capital accumulation into a framework that meets the people's needs for a beautiful ecological environment.This demonstrates an ecological dialectics of scientifically governing capital,serving as a distinctive hallmark of the new civilization's ecological dimension.In practice,China's innovative forestry carbon credit system exemplifies how the rational utilization and regulation of capital can yield significant ecological,economic,and social benefits,showcasing the approach to capital governance within the ecological framework of this new civilization.

Key words: new form of human civilization, ecological civilization, governance of capital, critique of capital logic