Abstract: This paper sets four rules as the fundamental principles of the law to prevent and control water pollution in China:the exterior criterion of form,internal value pursuit,scientific theory,and structural and functional integration and graduation.The system of the law should include the following principles:the primary prevention of drinking water,prevention first and scientific prevention,equal right and duty,and the combination of government guidance and public participation.

Key words: the law to prevent and control water pollution, water law, fundamental principles, environmental justice, defining, constructing