Abstract: Manage discipline as on door in archival science,though the development which has gone through more than 70 years,it is still a very yound discipline.Discussion of its basic theoretical question,it is a logic starting point of studying archival seicence.The author defines to the file,essential attribute of the file,the name of the archives confirms and the archival science periodical publish several basic problems of the form of the thesis,puts forward the contradiction existing between some theories and practices,produces the reason to analyze the contradiction.Hoping to promote development of archival science.

Key words: archival science, concept, nature