关键词： 灾害, 灾害救助, 道德取向, 道德规约, 道德冲突, 道德实践, 灾害伦理

Abstract: Human attitude towards disasters has experienced a changing process of fear,rising up and fighting,and the combination of prevention and resistance.Disasters pose a threat to human life,therefore,in the face of disasters,people's moral attitude should take the preservation of life as the moral bottom line,actively implement self-rescue and other rescue,and face the disaster bravely.During the disastrous period,the normal moral relationship is destroyed,the original moral standards are out of order,and the moral conflict of disaster relief becomes more and more prominent,which puts forward a greater problem of moral choice for disaster relief.The moral consensus of disaster relief is to bear and fight disasters together.People should have the courage to assume the moral responsibility of disaster relief and carry forward the spirit of benevolence and mutual assistance.In disaster relief,we should follow the basic social morality of helping others,taking good care of public property and abiding by order,and guide the order of life in disaster areas to the right track as soon as possible.In the long-term practice of disaster relief,people have gradually formed the moral management mechanism,moral operation mechanism and moral evaluation mechanism of disaster relief,which provides the possibility for the moral practice of disaster relief and is the moral embodiment of human struggle against disasters.

Key words: disaster, disaster relief, moral orientation, moral conventionality, moral conflict, moral practice, disaster ethics