专利正当性：阿罗悖论的困境及其重释

doi:10.13438/j.cnki.jdxb.2016.01.009

吉首大学学报（社会科学版） ›› 2016, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 70-81.DOI: 10.13438/j.cnki.jdxb.2016.01.009

专利正当性：阿罗悖论的困境及其重释

赵勇

(中山大学法学院，广东广州 510006)

出版日期:2016-01-01 发布日期:2016-02-29
作者简介:赵勇，男，中山大学法学院博士研究生。
基金资助:
中国法学会课题[LS（2015）D129]

Justifying Patent System:the Dilemma of Arrow Paradox and Its Reinterpretation

ZHAO Yong

(Law School,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510006,China)

Online:2016-01-01 Published:2016-02-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：知识是由不同层级的信息所构成。构成发明的知识是显性知识和隐性知识的混合。隐性知识难以表达，也难于共享，并不具有公共产品的属性。这使得传统上用以阐释专利正当性的“阿罗信息公开悖论”理论缺乏逻辑和实践的解释力，因而需要重释“阿罗悖论”。隐性知识在一定条件下可以外化为显性知识，专利正当性在于激励发明人将隐性知识外化。它以专利文献为媒介而将隐性知识外化代码向公众公开，以排他权为手段来激励发明人承担隐性知识外化的成本，从而实现隐性知识的扩散（转移）。这表明，未能编码化的隐性知识不受专利保护。在公开充分性条件、普通技术人员标准、现有技术界定、实验例外等重要的专利制度方面，应该防止对专利权人的过分保护。

关键词： 专利正当性, 显性知识, 隐性知识, 发明, 专利制度, 阿罗悖论

Abstract: Knowledge consists of information of different hierarchies.Knowledge leading to invention is the mixture of tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge.Tacit knowledge,hard to share and express,does not possess the property of public goods.Because of this,Arrow Information Paradox,which was traditionally employed to illustrate patent legitimacy,lacks logical and practical interpretation and needs to be reinterpreted.Tacit knowledge can be converted into explicit knowledge under certain conditions,and patent legitimacy encourages disclosing tacit knowledge through patent document and encourages diffusion of tacit knowledge through empower the exclusivity to the inventor who shoulders the cost of codification.Thus,tacit knowledge which is not codified shall not be protected by patent.It shall be careful to overprotect the right of patent owner in such aspects of sufficient disclosure,PHOSITA,prior art and experiment exception,and so on.

Key words: patent legitimacy, explicit knowledge, tacit knowledge, invention, patentinstitution, Arrow Information Paradox

赵勇. 专利正当性：阿罗悖论的困境及其重释[J]. 吉首大学学报（社会科学版）, 2016, 37(1): 70-81.

ZHAO Yong. Justifying Patent System:the Dilemma of Arrow Paradox and Its Reinterpretation[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2016, 37(1): 70-81.

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专利正当性：阿罗悖论的困境及其重释

Justifying Patent System:the Dilemma of Arrow Paradox and Its Reinterpretation

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