藏族传统游牧方式与三江源“中华水塔”的安全

吉首大学学报（社会科学版） ›› 2011, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 37-42.

藏族传统游牧方式与三江源“中华水塔”的安全

（吉首大学人类学与民族学研究所，湖南吉首 416000）

出版日期:2011-01-15 发布日期:2012-03-13
作者简介:罗康隆（1965-），男，贵州天柱人，博士，吉首大学人类学与民族学研究所研究员。杨曾辉（1985-），男，湖南怀化人，吉首大学人类学与民族学研究所硕士研究生。
基金资助:
国家社会科学基金重点招标项目（08AJY025）

On the Relationship between Traditional Tibetan Nomadic Way and the Safety of the Sources of Three Great Rivers in China

(Research Institute of Anthropology and Ethnology,Jishou University,Jishou,Hunan 416000,China)

Online:2011-01-15 Published:2012-03-13

摘要/Abstract

摘要：三江源是中华民族的“水塔”，也是藏族长期生息的地区。藏族的传统生计方式与“中华水塔”的保护密切相关。藏族传统游牧采取“多畜并放”、“转场浅牧”方式，其有效地规避了三江源区域的生态脆弱环节，确保了高寒草原的生命线——覆盖在整个草原表层的泥炭层和腐殖质层，以致稳定了长年冻土带。但半个世纪以来的草场产权更替与“网围栏工程”的推进，严重地冲击了其生态脆弱环节，引发了生态灾变，危及到了中华水塔的安全。这不能不引起世人的关注。

关键词： 藏族, 转场浅牧, 三江源, 中华水塔, 水资源安全

Abstract: The sources of the three great rivers (namely the Yangtze River,Yellow River and Lantsing River) are known as the water tower of the Chinese nation,and they are also the places where the Tibetan people have been living,who used to take a nomadic way of multiple-livestock breeding,taking pastureland by turns and pasturing shallowly,which has effectively protected the weak ecological system and made the frozen earth stable.However,with the change of property right of the pastureland and the advance of fence project,the weak ecological system was damaged,causing ecological disaster and threatening the safety of the water tower of the Chinese nation.Great attentions should be paid to this.

Key words: Tibetan people, take pastureland by turns and pasture shallowly, the sources of the three great rivers, safety of water resources

罗康隆, 杨曾辉. 藏族传统游牧方式与三江源“中华水塔”的安全[J]. 吉首大学学报（社会科学版）, 2011, 32(1): 37-42.

LUO Kang-Long, YANG Zeng-Hui. On the Relationship between Traditional Tibetan Nomadic Way and the Safety of the Sources of Three Great Rivers in China[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2011, 32(1): 37-42.