Abstract: This paper first analyzes the motives behind Yongzheng’s Qing government’s campaign to develop the Miao frontiers by military force and then discusses how, in the phrase of development after the opening-up phase, the political, economic, and educational measures the government took influenced and shaped the ethnic relations in the region.  It points out that the campaign led to complicated pluralistic ethnic relations defined by ethnic tension and cultural clashes and conflicts.  These problems left the region in turmoil and prompted the government to review and adjust its policies to better govern the region.  The paper concludes that understanding the ethnic relations during this historical period will clarify our understanding of the country’s present ethnic policies, strengthen national identify and unity, and promote social and economic development in the country’s ethnically diversified regions.