Abstract:  Hired labor does not necessarily contain exploitation,but it does not mean that there is no exploitation in market economy.As the development of market economy,it is inevitable that capital will exploit labor.Extra labor (the labor beyond one’s ability) is the profit resources of all hired labors.Exploitation is not the nature of hired labor,which means that capital can accumulate without exploitation.Elimination of exploitation is the key to sticking to Marist views,protecting human rights of labors and maintaining the socialist attribute of Chinese market economy.

Key words: hired labor, extra labor, exploitation, socialist market economy