Abstract: The reform of economic system in our country began from rural areas and it has driven the reform of the whole national economic system.However，reflecting the 30-year process of reform and opening up，we find that the gap between the urban and rural is not narrowed;instead，it is being widened.The deep reason for this is that the dual urban and rural structure has not changed thoroughly，and there still exists the systematic foundation for the gap.To solve the problems relating to agriculture，rural areas and farmers，the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee put it at the first and foremost position to break through the dual urban and rural structure，plan the urban and rural development as a whole，and foster integration of urban and rural economy.

Key words: rural reform, the dual urban and rural structure, integration of the urban and rural