Abstract: China now is undergoing a historical process of developing the useful and discarding the useless of modern industrial civilization,constructing a harmonious society,and realizing the sustainable development between man and nature. With the main position in countryside,this transition largely depends on the formation of new peasants. To shake,throw off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity and strive for a better-off life,the vast peasants in Wuling Mountain areas have to improve their own quality and ability. This is also the end-result of developing an ecological agriculture.

Key words: to develop an ecological agriculture, new peasant, construction of ecological civilization