Abstract: Since the middle of the 20th century,anthropology began to pay attention to the relationship between human activities and ecological environment,forming a branch of anthropology-eco-anthropology.Over half a century,theories such as “determinism” and “interactism” have come into existence.However,these theories failed to solve the present ecological problems.Starting from the essential ecological problems,this paper analyzes the relationship between human society and ecological environment,holding that human society and ecological system are two independent and complex systems,and they each possess organization ability.Such a perspective to explore the relationship between human society and ecological system should become the research orientation of eco-anthropology.

Key words: eco-anthropology, human society, ecological system, interaction