Abstract: The economic foundation of a harmonious society is the entia of harmonious exchange relationship and harmonious distribution relationship determined by the harmonious ownership of production means.The harmony between public ownership and private ownership of production means can only be realized under proper system-arrangement,balanced market,and clear laws and rules.Private ownership of production means will not necessarily lead to the occupation of surplus product by the owners of production means,and it does not conflict with the economic foundation to construct a harmonies society.

Key words: harmonious society, economic foundation, economic elements, public ownership of production means, private ownership of production means