Abstract: There was consistency between the Xueheng School and the New Culture School on how to build new culture,but there was aiso divergence.The literary criticism of Xueheng School against the New Culture School reflected an five aspects:on old literature and new literature,on literature evolution, on noble literature and popular literature,on literary creation method,on literary revolution and literary dictatiorship.Although there were some defects,the Xueheng School's literary criticism was not without positive influence,and should be fairly treated.

Key words: the Xueheng School, literary criticism, the May 4th New Culture Movement