Abstract: This article makes a comparison between the reform of Golbachov of the formet soviet Union and the reform of china today and that of other socialist countries with the conclusion that there are fundamental differences between the two kinds of reforms.The article also gives a systematic analysis of the major causes of soviet evolution,pointing out that it is the inevitable result of the then soviet leaders' pursuit of a wrong line and wrong policies and of their total desertion of marxism and socialism.

Key words: soviet evolution, fundamental cause, main lesson