Abstract: Some conceptional issues must be solved to push forward the development of the theory of political economy. First of all, we should recognize the character of the political economy once more so that we can clearly figure out a series of important theoretical is sues , such as the study object of the political economy, the relationship between Marxist economic theory and the western economic theory. Political economy is a science dealing with the interest a mong people. Science is ever developing. People's cognition of the economic science is restricted by many factors. So there are contradictions as well as complementary functions between the economic theories of different classes.

Key words: political economy, development, science