Abstract: The disruptive advancement of science and technology is fundamentally reshaping biosecurity threats and their corresponding defense mechanisms.Emerging biotechnologies have catalyzed non-traditional security threats—including genetic weapons,laboratory leaks,and bioterrorism—by accelerating cross-species transmission of pathogens and lowering the technical threshold for pathogen synthesis,thereby triggering biosecurity challenges of broader scope,increased diversity,and accelerated propagation.Concurrently,artificial intelligence-driven predictive models,CRISPR-based targeted biocontrol technologies,and blockchain-enabled biological data traceability systems are providing precise tools for biosecurity protection,monitoring,and response.The focus of global biosecurity competition has shifted from singular technological breakthroughs to the systemic development of technological autonomy,ethical governance,and international cooperation.In this context,China must strengthen research in key areas such as synthetic biology and bioinformatics algorithms,overcome bottlenecks including import dependency on high-end instrumentation and uneven distribution of high-level biosafety laboratories,and enhance its indigenous S&T capacity in biosecurity.At the same time,it should establish appropriate regulatory frameworks for biotechnology R&D and application,and build a proactive biosecurity defense system characterized by risk early-warning,rapid response,and global coordination—thereby offering Chinese theoretical insights and practical approaches to addressing intergenerational biosecurity risks and balancing technological innovation with ethical constraints.

Key words: biosecurity, science and technology, risk governance, ethical regulation