Abstract: As an emerging research focus in the field of life sciences,organoids can simulate the three-dimensional structure and physiological functions of real human organs.They demonstrate remarkable application potential in advancing high-quality development in basic medical research,improving the efficiency of drug development,bridging the "last mile" of precision medicine,and promoting the clinical application of regenerative medicine.However,while organoid research and application widely contribute to medical research and clinical treatment,they also introduce a series of complex ethical risks.The use of organoids as "simulated organs" in clinicaltransplantation may undermine human dignity and value;organoids blur the boundary between the "self" and the "other",posing new challenges to the concept of human subjectivity;and the enhancement and modification of the natural human body driven by capital logic may exacerbate social division and fragmentation.To address the ethical risks associated with organoids,it is necessary to develop a "moral assessment scale" and establish a "hierarchical development framework" for organoids.Additionally,a deliberative mechanism should be created to build a collaborative governance system involving multiple stakeholders.Increasing the moral,economic,and legal costs for those who violate ethical norms will help establish a supervision mechanism to prevent ethical risks in organoid research and application.Only by confronting the ethical risks that have already emerged or are approaching,and actively exploring and implementing reasonable and effective ethical guidelines and regulatory mechanisms,can we avoid the "Collingridge dilemma" and its negative impacts in organoid research and application,thereby steadily promoting the ethical and healthy development of organoids.

Key words: organoid, ethical risks, technology ethics, governance strategie