Abstract: With the institutional construction of governmental responsibility,a lot ofaccountability work has been developed in the present building of eco-civilization.However,the popularization of accountability has brought much pressure to grassroots work.Faced with this,two sets of responsibility system,different and closely connected,should be set up,aiming at the characteristics of eco-civilization and employing the binary theory on politics and administration.Political responsibility represents a trust-agency relationship between society and politics,which adopts a non-fault accountability principle and exert functions to provide power and public opinion foundation to the users of public powers.Governments at all levels are the major bearers of political responsibility,the head being the main responsible person to report to organ of power.The ruling party is responsible for the country’s long-term construction of eco-civilization,which resolves its responsibility within its internal mechanism.Administrative responsibility represents an internal relationship of order-obedience within the executive departments of the power organ,which adopts a fault accountability system and pursues rational administration,the first-line staff being the major bearers.The smooth running of administrative responsibility is the foundation of political responsibility,which in turn is the base to maintain administrative responsibility effectively.

Key words: construction of eco-civilization, political responsibility, administrative responsibility, equal responsibility for the Party and government, accountability