从“替罪羊”现象看社会紧张的缓释

吉首大学学报（社会科学版） ›› 2009, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 26-30.

从“替罪羊”现象看社会紧张的缓释

（中央民族大学学报编辑部，北京 100081）

出版日期:2009-05-15 发布日期:2012-03-26
作者简介:李劼（1965-），女（纳西族），云南丽江人，民族学博士，中央民族大学学报编辑部编审。
基金资助:
教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目（07JA850003）

On the Release of Social Tension from the Phenomenon of “Scapegoat”

(Journal Editorial Department,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081,China)

Online:2009-05-15 Published:2012-03-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：从社会控制的角度看，巫蛊是对社会紧张的一种缓释。从社会心理学的角度看，有蛊者成为消除社会紧张的“替罪羊”。有蛊者与无蛊者因处于同一文化背景下而成为隐秘的“合作者”，维护的是所处社会的权力认知体系。有蛊者多半为女性这一事实，阐述的还不是男女两性角色模式，根本上是人们对女性与神灵间关系认知的表达。当然，这样的认知很容易被当权者——主要是男性所利用，而在演变方向上清晰地指向两性的社会差异。

关键词： 替罪羊, 社会紧张, 权力认知体系

Abstract: In terms of social control,witchcraft is a release of social tension;and from social psychology,wizard/witch becomes the scapegoat to dispel social tension.Those who possess witchcraft and those not become secret cooperators,because they are under the same cultural background,maintaining the cognitive system of power of the society they are in.The fact that those who possess witchcraft mostly are women essentially expresses people’s cognition of the relationship between women and god,instead of a simple role mode between man and woman.Of course,this kind of cognition is likely to be made use of by those who are in power (mainly are men),thus it clearly tends to social differences of the two sexes in evolution.

Key words: scapegoat, social tension, cognitive system of power

李劼. 从“替罪羊”现象看社会紧张的缓释[J]. 吉首大学学报（社会科学版）, 2009, 30(3): 26-30.

LI Jie. On the Release of Social Tension from the Phenomenon of “Scapegoat”[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, 2009, 30(3): 26-30.