医疗保险对相对贫困的缓解效应——基于CFPS四期数据

doi:10.13438/j.cnki.jdxb.2024.01.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：运用中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）2012、2014、2016和2018年的四期数据对相对贫困的医疗保险缓解效应进行实证研究，结果证实，医疗保险能有效缓解居民的相对贫困。在设定家庭人均收入中位数的40%、50%和60%三条相对贫困线下，参加医疗保险能使居民陷入相对贫困的概率分别下降3.9%、4.6%和4.8%。医疗保险缓解相对贫困效应呈异质性特征，东部地区弱于中、西部地区，农村强于城市，中老年群体强于青年群体。机制分析发现，居民通过参加医疗保险来改善健康状况、增加非医疗消费支出，从而降低陷入相对贫困的风险，而居民良好的受教育状况能进一步强化医疗保险对相对贫困的缓解效应。为充分发挥医疗保险缓解居民相对贫困的效应，须进一步加大公共财政对医疗保险的支持力度，加快实施医疗保险基金全国统筹机制，积极推进“健康中国”战略和医疗保险制度“适老化”改革。

关键词： 医疗保险, 相对贫困, 中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）, “适老化”改革

Abstract: Using the data of China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) in 2012,2014,2016 and 2018,this paper makes an empirical study on the alleviating effect of medical insurance on relative poverty.The results show that medical insurance can effectively alleviate the relative poverty of residents.Under the relative poverty lines of 40%,50% and 60% of the median household income,the probability of residents falling into relative poverty by participating in medical insurance can be reduced by 3.9%,4.6% and 4.8%,respectively.The effect of medical insurance on alleviating relative poverty is heterogeneous:the eastern region is weaker than the central and western regions,the rural area is stronger than the city,and the middle-aged group is stronger than the young group.Mechanism analysis shows that residents can improve their health and increase non-medical consumption expenditure so as to reduce the risk of falling into relative poverty by participating in medical insurance,and the good education of residents can further strengthen the alleviating effect of medical insurance on relative poverty.In order to give full play to the effect of medical insurance in alleviating relative poverty of residents,we should further increase public finance to medical insurance,speed up national overall planning mechanism of medical insurance fund,and actively promote "Healthy China" strategy and the "aging-oriented" reform of the medical insurance system.

Key words: medical insurance, relative poverty, China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), "aging-oriented" reform

李琼, 夏涛. 医疗保险对相对贫困的缓解效应——基于CFPS四期数据[J]. 吉首大学学报（社会科学版）, 2024, 45(1): 116-129.

LI Qiong, XIA Tao. The Alleviating Effect of Medical Insurance on Relative Poverty—Based on the Four Issues of CFPS Data[J]. Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences Edition), 2024, 45(1): 116-129.

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