吉首大学学报(社会科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (6): 149-161.DOI: 10.13438/j.cnki.jdxb.2025.06.016

• 经济学 • 上一篇    下一篇

政策性农业信贷担保机构支农效率及其影响因素——基于SBM-ML-Tobit三阶段模型的实证

邓玲,李明贤,肖化柱   

  1. (湖南农业大学 经济学院,湖南 长沙 410128)
  • 出版日期:2025-11-01 发布日期:2025-12-05
  • 作者简介:邓玲,女,博士生,湖南农业大学经济学院副教授。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金资助项目(23BGL299)

Agricultural Support Efficiency of Policy-Based Agricultural Credit Guarantee Institutions and Its Influencing Factors:An Empirical Analysis Using a Three-Stage SBM-ML-Tobit Model

DENG Ling,LI Mingxian,XIAO Huazhu   

  1. (School of Economics,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha  410128,China)
  • Online:2025-11-01 Published:2025-12-05

摘要:支农效率是衡量政策性农业信贷担保机构发挥财政资金引导与金融资源配置效能的核心指标。基于2018—2023年全国29家省级机构面板数据,运用非期望产出超效率SBM-ML-Tobit三阶段模型的实证研究发现:(1)机构整体支农效率均值为0.680,处于非有效状态,纯技术效率和规模效率分别为0.810、0.850,存在显著改进空间。区域效率极值差达1.389,反映出资源配置的结构性矛盾。(2)机构全要素生产率年均增长16.7%,呈现“前期高速增长—后期增速放缓”的阶段性特征。技术进步与技术效率变化指数分别为1.083、1.078,协同驱动不足,表明支农效率提升面临政策红利递减与市场化竞争压力加大的困境。(3)经营基础、运作机制、产品设计、风险管理等五维度因素显著影响机构支农效率。其中,机构独立性、担保费率等变量呈正向影响,政担合作依赖程度、单笔业务规模等变量呈显著负向影响。据此,应从完善独立运营治理机制、优化政担合作协同模式、创新差异化产品定价体系、强化全流程风险管理体系等方面采取措施,以持续提升机构支农效率水平,进一步完善农村财政金融支持体系建设。

关键词: 农业信贷担保, 支农效率, SBM模型, Malmquist-Luenberger指数, Tobit模型

Abstract: Support-for-agriculture efficiency serves as a critical metric for assessing how effectively policy-based agricultural credit guarantee institutions leverage fiscal funds to guide financial resource allocation.Utilizing panel data from 29 provincial-level institutions from 2018 to 2023 and employing an undesirable-output super-efficiency three-stage SBM-ML-Tobit model,this study yields the following empirical findings:(1) The average support-for-agriculture efficiency score across institutions is 0.680,indicating overall inefficiency.Decomposition of the score reveals pure technical efficiency of 0.810 and scale efficiency of 0.850,suggesting substantial potential for improvement in both dimensions.A notable regional disparity,with an efficiency gap of 1.389,underscores structural imbalances in resource allocation.(2) Total factor productivity experienced an average annual growth of 16.7%,exhibiting a distinct "high-growth initial phase followed by a moderated growth trend" pattern.With technological progress and technological efficiency change indices at 1.083 and 1.078 respectively,the lack of strong synergistic drive indicates that efficiency gains are increasingly challenged by diminishing policy dividends and intensifying market competition.(3) Institutional efficiency is significantly influenced by factors spanning five dimensions:operational foundation,governance mechanisms,product design,and risk management.Specifically,institutional independence and guarantee fee rates exhibit positive effects,whereas over-reliance on government-guarantor partnerships and average loan size demonstrate significant negative impacts.Consequently,policymakers and institutions should focus on enhancing independent governance mechanisms,refining collaborative government-guarantor models,developing differentiated product and pricing systems,and implementing comprehensive risk management frameworks to sustainably elevate support-for-agriculture efficiency and strengthen the rural fiscal-financial ecosystem.

Key words: agricultural credit guarantee, support-for-agriculture efficiency, SBM model, Malmquist-Luenberger index, Tobit model

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