“自然恢复为主”的规范内涵与法律实施机制

doi:10.13438/j.cnki.jdxb.2023.01.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：“自然恢复为主”是我国生态修复领域的指导思想与重要原则之一，指主要依靠自然的自我调节能力和自组织能力来恢复生态系统的健康状态。近年来，这一表述在各级政策、法规文件中被屡次提及，围绕相关要求衍生出的诸多释义与解读持续吸引多方关注。尽管“自然恢复”一词作为发轫于生态学界的专有名词已具备较为完善的科学内涵，但若对“自然恢复为主”同样基于自然科学视角进行同质化解构，恐将导致其难以为修复实践提供清晰、明确的法律指引。为进一步探究“自然恢复为主”的法律内涵，在梳理相关概念在规范性文件与生态科学领域的演变历程，对比其应用场景、本质要求及主要措施之后，重新阐释了“自然恢复为主”在规范层面的应有之义。在机制建构方面，“自然恢复为主”的法律实施须以法理层面的价值引导为前提，以自然恢复力之法律载体的确认与保护为重心，以制定规则化的适应性管理要求为保障，以实现社会-生态复合系统下的刚性约束为旨归。

关键词： 自然恢复为主, 规范内涵, 自然恢复力, 法律实现机制

Abstract: "Natural restoration as the priority" is one of the guiding ideology and important principles in the field of ecological restoration in China,which mainly depends on the natural self-regulation and self-organization to restore the ecosystem.In recent years,this expression has been repeatedly mentioned in policy and regulatory documents at all levels,and many interpretations derived from related requirements continue to attract much attention.Although "natural restoration",as a proper term originated from ecological science,has sufficient scientific connotation,if we only adopt the homogeneous deconstruction of it based on the perspective of natural science,it may make it difficult to provide clear legal guidance for restoration practice.In order to further explore the legal connotation of "natural restoration as the priority",this paper re-explains the due meaning of "natural restoration" at the normative level by sorting out the evolution of relevant concepts in the field of normative documents and ecological science,and comparing their application scenarios,essential requirements and main measures.Centering on the difficult problems in the construction of relevant mechanisms,it is argued that the legal implementation of "natural recovery" should take the value guidance at the legal level as the premise,the confirmation and protection of the legal carrier of natural restorative force as the focus,the formulation of regularized adaptive management requirements as the guarantee,and the realization of rigid constraints under the social-ecological complex system as the goal.

Key words: natural restoration as the priority, norm connotation, natural restorative force, legal implementation mechanism

李挚萍, 杨雷. “自然恢复为主”的规范内涵与法律实施机制[J]. 吉首大学学报（社会科学版）, 2023, 44(1): 33-43.

LI Zhiping, YANG Lei. The Norm Connotation and Legal Implementation Mechanism of "Natural Restoration as the Priority"[J]. Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences Edition), 2023, 44(1): 33-43.

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