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A Dual Perspective on the Study of Tea History and Tea Industry:From Historical and Contemporary Standpoints
ZHONG Weimin
Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences Edition) 2024, 45 (
2
): 26-34. DOI:
10.13438/j.cnki.jdxb.2024.02.004
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China,as a major tea-producing country,possesses a rich tradition of tea culture.Following the opening of new maritime routes,Chinese tea began to spread worldwide,transforming tea trade into a pivotal factor in globalization.This phenomenon led the foremost global power of the time,Britain,to adopt tea as a national beverage,giving rise to the distinctive British tea culture.However,the flourishing tea trade did not propel China towards becoming a dominant power;instead,it found itself subjugated as a semi-colonial entity by foreign powers.The Chinese tea industry experienced a decline from the late Qing dynasty until the late 20th century,only beginning to recover thereafter,but still falling short of achieving dominance in the global tea industry.A comprehensive study of tea history can unveil the roots of China's sluggish tea industry,while a reflection on the current state of the tea industry can stimulate further exploration into tea history.Therefore,it is imperative to give due attention to the study of tea history and culture,approaching the issue of revitalizing the tea industry from both historical and contemporary perspectives.
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Dongyi Culture,Huaxia Culture and the Unification of Huaxia
FENG Shi
Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences Edition) 2024, 45 (
1
): 1-11. DOI:
10.13438/j.cnki.jdxb.2024.01.001
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China's ancient civilization is not a unified one,but presents a situation with Yi in the east and Xia in the west.With Taihang Mountain as the boundary,Dongyi culture is distributed in the east,which is the ancient culture of the southwest minorities with the Yi ethnic group as the core today.And Huaxia culture,which is the ancient culture of the Chinese nation today,is distributed in the west.This fact has been fully and clearly demonstrated through the study of the origin of writing and archaeology.The situation of the early civilization of Yi and Xia changed with the establishment of the Xia Dynasty (about 2,070 BC-1,600 BC).After the Xia Dynasty,by determining the orthodox characters of the dynasty and redefining the world,the unified religious and political views of Chinese civilization were established.This inherent relationship between the monarch and the supreme god established by the geography and divine characters requires that the subsequent dynasty must shoulder the mission of inheriting the legacy of the previous dynasty,that is,adhering to the established and divine characters,for this is the fundamental guarantee of the legitimacy of the monarchical power.It is this political and religious tradition that has made Chinese civilization last for thousands of years.
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A Profound Understanding of the Prominent Features of Chinese Civilization (Forum)
WANG Xuebin, DUAN Yan, ZHAO Yi, XU Kun, CHENG Long
Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences Edition) 2024, 45 (
1
): 12-30. DOI:
10.13438/j.cnki.jdxb.2024.01.002
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Editor’s note: Broad and profound, Chinese civilization has a long history, and it is the only uninterrupted civilization in the world, shaping the unique value system, cultural connotation and spiritual quality of the Chinese people in looking at themselves, society and the world, having direct impact on people’s choice of their own and social development today. There are many important elements in fine traditional Chinese culture, which together shape the outstanding characteristics of Chinese civilization. At the forum on cultural inheritance and development on June 2, 2023,
general secretary Xi Jinping clearly summarized the prominent features of Chinese civilization as continuity, innovation, uniformity, inclusiveness and peace, which provides a fundamental basis for a profound grasp of the inherent characteristics and the path of Chinese civilization. In order to deeply study and understand general secretary Xi Jinping’s cultural thoughts, especially his important expositions on the prominent features of Chinese civilization, our journal has especially invited five scholars, including Wang Xuebin, Duan Yan, Zhao Yi, Xu Kun and Cheng Long, to make a concentrated interpretation, with a view to deepening the study of this issue.
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The Interaction between Monarchs and Scholar-officials in the Governance of Ancient China
HU Jian
Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences Edition) 2022, 43 (
3
): 1-13. DOI:
10.13438/j.cnki.jdxb.2022.03.001
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As a process of interactive behavior,governance is prominently manifested as an interaction between monarchs and scholar-officials in the national governance of ancient China.Either as early as the clan society,headed by Shun and Yu,or under the rule of King Wu (before 1,043 BC),or in the Pre-Qin period (before 221 BC),co-governance is characterized in the initial positive interaction between the rulers and the sorceresses and sorcerers,and later the scholar-officials.However,after the establishment of the unified system,the center of governance is obviously biased towards the monarchs in the interaction between the monarchs and scholar-officials.The practice of "taking the officials as the teachers" no longer exists because the monarchical power is not restricted,which leads to scholar-officials' lower social status and the abuse of monarchical power.During the more than two thousand years of unified politics,the scholar-officials are constantly nervous under the monarchs,and few can have good endings except some who put forward political proposals,although their political ambition is always to serve the monarchical power.When the ancient empire encounters the western powers,the scholar-officials shift their political goal for the first time,from defending the political power of the monarch to saving the nation.This not only reflects the changing process of Chinese society,but also shows the transformation process of ancient Chinese scholar-officials.
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