Abstract: Aiming at solving the dilemma of collective action,social capital theory provides a new analysis perspective for the construction of ecological livelihood.There is a close link between social capital and the construction of ecological livelihood.Social capital is the essential resource of construction of ecological livelihood.However,in the period of social transition,ecological livelihood construction is faced with a series of difficulties due to lack of social capital.To overcome these difficulties and promote ecological livelihood construction,the government should give full play to ecological livelihood construction,strengthening ecological education,enhancing people’s ecological awareness and responsibility,strengthening environmental protection,legislation and law enforcement,and promoting the development of the non-governmental environmental organization.Only by doing so can social capital be cultivated.

Key words: social capital, ecological crisis, ecological livelihood