Abstract: Whenever the advanced development system begins to replace the backward one，the whole world will enter a major transformation stage. In China's five thousand years of development，two major historical changes have completely changed the track of China's historical development and profoundly affected the current development model in China. In the new era，China，as the object of the first two historical changes，has not only been the beneficiary of the advanced development system replacing the backward one，but also experienced the process of being impacted by the advanced development system as the subject of the backward development system. At present，the world is at the stage of the historical change of the third advanced development system and the backward development system. As the main body of the third major historical change，whether we can effectively understand，adapt and make use of the experiences and lessons of the previous two historical changes to build a systematic，scientific，feasible and leading socialist system with Chinese characteristics，will determine whether China can successfully become the main body of the advanced development system and realize the its national rejuvenation.

Key words: the rise and fall of a country；three historical changes；the new era；the path of development of socialism with Chinese characteristics, confidence in the path, national revival