关键词： 计划, “五年规划”, 制度优势, 运行机制, 有效市场, 有为政府

Abstract:

The Five-Year Plan system is a key institutional arrangement for national governance, formed in long-term development practice through continuous readjustment of government-market relations. Its core function is to realize the organic unity between the efficiency of resource allocation and macroeconomic regulatory capacity. In terms of institutional evolution, the system has shifted from a planning model where the government dominated resource allocation toward a governance paradigm underpinned by the decisive role of the market and optimized government functions. Within its institutional framework, value orientation, mission, strategic linkage, overall coordination, openness and innovation constitute the core institutional advantages. They effectively integrate the Party’s strategic intentions with the interests and demands of the people, guarantee the orderly transition from long-term strategic deployment to phased objectives, and achieve dialectical unity in institutional operation through overall planning, multi-party coordination, independent exploration and experience-based learning. On this basis, operating mechanisms of political guidance, strategic adjustment, overall coordination, legal safeguards, as well as evaluation and feedback interconnect with one another. They translate institutional advantages into governance capacity through the coordinated operation of government macro-regulation and market mechanisms, laying a solid institutional foundation for high-quality economic and social development.

Key words: plan, "five-year plan", institutional advantages, operating mechanisms, effective market, well-functioning government