具身认知向何处去？——兼论第二代认知科学的肇端、愿景与隐忧

doi:10.13438/j.cnki.jdxb.2024.01.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：以具身认知为代表的第二代认知科学质疑了“物理符号系统假设”及其衍生的计算表征主义，其核心观点旨在解释全部感知、认知和运动能力依赖于自主体身体的各个方面。基于上述共识，4E认知借助突出感知运动系统在认知过程中的作用，认知可供性理论，基于知觉经验的具身概念等一系列观念与证据描绘出一幅第二代认知科学的蓝图愿景。然而，神经还原主义的魔咒提醒具身认知研究者，仅仅描述神经元的激活模式无法解释心理活动或认知过程是如何发生的。解释的贫瘠使得具身认知效应的信度和效度屡被质疑。预测加工对认知“三明治模型”的消解，从认识论根源上超越了两代认知科学围绕身心问题争论的历史僵局。具身认知在当前遇到的诸多困境警示了第二代认知科学仍存在方法论隐忧，未来围绕具身认知目的、方法、概念基础和动机的辩论，将持续为认知科学内部多学科之间的交流、交锋与交融提供新灵感。

关键词： 具身, 具身认知, 认知科学, 物理符号系统假设, 镜像神经元, 社会可供性

Abstract: The second-generation cognitive science,represented by embodied cognition,challenges the"physical symbol system hypothesis" and its derived computational representation.Its core view is to explain that all of our perceptual,cognitive,and motor abilities are constitutively dependent on aspects of the agent's body.Based on the above consensus,the 4E cognition has drawn a vision of the second-generation cognitive science by highlighting the role of the perceptual-motor system in the cognitive process,cognitive affordance,and the concept of embodiment based on perceptual experience.However,the spell of neuron reductionism,the reproducibility of empirical evidence,the lack of explanations and the dissolution of the predictive processing on the cognitive "sandwich model" all warn of the methodological pitfalls of the second-generation cognitive science.Due to the lack of explanation,the reliability and validity of embodied cognitive effect are often questioned.From the epistemological origin,the resolution of the cognitive "sandwich model" by predictive processing transcends the historical deadlock in the debate between the two generations of cognitive science on physical and mental issues.Many difficulties encountered by embodied cognition at present warn that there are still hidden worries in methodology in the second generation of cognitive science,and the future debate on the purpose,method,conceptual basis and motivation of embodied cognition will continue to provide new inspiration for the exchange,confrontation and blending of multi-disciplines within cognitive science.

Key words: embodiment, embodied cognition, cognitive science, physical symbol system hypothesis, mirror neuron, social affordance

陈巍. 具身认知向何处去？——兼论第二代认知科学的肇端、愿景与隐忧[J]. 吉首大学学报（社会科学版）, 2024, 45(1): 73-84.

CHEN Wei. Where Should the Embodied Cognition Go?— Also on the Origin,Visions and Concerns of the Second-generation Cognitive Science[J]. Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences Edition), 2024, 45(1): 73-84.

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