Abstract: Since the central government implemented policies to curb "non-agriculturalization" and "non-grain conversion" of cultivated land,China has made remarkable progress in national food security.However,structural contradictions—including inadequate incentives among protection stakeholders and a misalignment between rights and responsibilities driven by low economic returns from cultivated land—have become critical constraints on sustainable cultivated land conservation.Realizing the multiple values of cultivated land is fundamental to resolving these dilemmas.As essential carriers of such values,the non-production functions of cultivated land and their evolutionary mechanisms and optimization pathways urgently require systematic investigation.Focusing on major grain-producing areas in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River,this study introduces the accessibility dimension into an integrated framework and establishes a three-dimensional evaluation index system of supply,demand,and accessibility.Using multi-source data from 2010 to 2020,combined with landscape pattern indices,theInVEST model,and GIS spatial analysis,this paper systematically identifies the spatio-temporal evolution and spatial differentiation patterns of non-production functions of cultivated land.Results indicate that from 2010 to 2020,the spatial distribution of non-production functions evolved from scattered patterns toward "contiguous agglomeration" in low-value zones and "point-like prominence" in high-value zones,with the share of high-value areas increasing by 30.2%.Except for minor fluctuations in ecological regulation functions,supply,demand,and accessibility all exhibited an overall improving trend.Accordingly,differentiated governance strategies are proposed:regions characterized by "high demand–high supply–high accessibility" should enhance industrial integration and benefit-sharing mechanisms;regions of "high demand–high supply–low accessibility" should alleviate circulation constraints through infrastructure upgrading and digital empowerment;regions of "high demand–low supply–high accessibility" should offset supply deficiencies via resource integration and function superposition;and regions of "high demand–low supply–low accessibility" should adopt phased and stepped development.This study provides empirical evidence and decision support for optimizing multifunctional allocation of cultivated land,stimulating endogenous dynamics for cultivated land conservation,and offers a new analytical paradigm for advancing the modernization of cultivated land governance.

Key words: cultivated land, cultivated land conservation, non-production function of cultivated land, land management, supply-accessibility-demand, Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River