基于大数据的公共管理决策模式演进与趋势

doi:10.13438/j.cnki.jdxb.2017.05.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：公共管理决策模式由以信息或数据为核心的六大要素组成。传统公共管理主要包括决策模式以渐进式决策模式。大数据的引进，使传统渐进式公共管理决策模式的各项要素都发生了重大变化，体现为：公共管理决策者由“幕后”走到台前且专业化程度大幅度提升；数据源由体量较小的结构化数据演变为复杂的大型非结构化数据；支持公共管理决策的工具和技术手段的高科技化；决策内容方案接收并处理反馈的速度上升。公共管理决策大数据模式与以往模式之间的关系是演进而非替代。基于大数据的公共管理决策的未来发展将具有以下趋势：公共管理决策主体的专业化与多元化；公共管理决策组织结构的扁平化；公共管理决策环境的量化与可预测化；公共管理决策方案的灵敏化与科学化；公共管理目标出色的前瞻性。

关键词： 公共管理决策, 大数据, 模式, 趋势

Abstract: The model of public administration decision consists of six core elements of information or data.The traditional model of public administration decision is a kind of progressive model.With the introduction of big data，all the elements within the traditional progressive model of public administrative decision have undergone significant changes:the policy makers have become more apparent and professional;the small amount of structured data have turned into big,complex and unstructured data；the tools and technology supporting public decision-making have become more advanced;and the reception and feedback of the content of the decision have become more speedy.The relationship between the model of public administration decision based on big data and the former model is an evolution rather than an alternative.The model of public administration decision based on big data in the future will have the following trends:the specialization and diversification of the decision subject,the flattening of organizational structure,the quantification and prediction of environment,the sensitivity and signification of decision-making,and the outstanding forward-looking of public administration objectives.

Key words: public administrative decision, big data, model, trend

蔡剑桥. 基于大数据的公共管理决策模式演进与趋势[J]. 吉首大学学报（社会科学版）, DOI: 10.13438/j.cnki.jdxb.2017.05.014.

CAI Jianqiao. The Evolution and Trend of the Model of Public Administration Decision Based on Big Data[J]. Journal of Jishou University（Social Sciences）, DOI: 10.13438/j.cnki.jdxb.2017.05.014.

参考文献

[1] Viktor Mayer-Schnberger.Big Data:A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live，Work，and Think[M].New York:Oxford University Press，2013. [2] Hajian S，Domingo-Ferrer J.A methodology for Direct and Indirect Discrimination Prevention in Data Mining[J].Washington，DC:IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering，2013,25(7). [3] Ovadia S.The Role of Big Data in the Social Sciences[J].Behavioral & Social Sciences，2013,32(3). [4] Hilbert M，Lopez P.The World's Technological Capacity to Store，Communicate and Compute Information[J].Science,2011,332(6 025). [5] Bryant R，Katz R H,Lazowaka E D.Big-Data Computing:Creating Revolutionary Breakthroughs in Commerce[J].Science and Society，2008,455(7 209). [6] Lohr S.The Age of Big Data[N].New York Times，2012-04-11. [7] Gianluca B.The Centre for Economic Performance Is Financed by the Economic and Social Research Council.Acknowledgements[J].General Information,2012,12(8). [8] Worst J.The Case of the “Big Data” Revolution[J].Working Papers,2014,30(35). [9] United States International Trade Commission Massive Data.Social Surveys and Official Statistics:Improved Data Sources [EB/OL].[2017-01-16].https:∥dataweb.usitc.gov/scripts/commodities/commodities_menu.asp. [10] B.Guy Peters,The Future of Governing:Four Emerging Models[M].Kansas:University Press of Kansas,1996. [11] Lindblom，C.Decision-making process[M].Washington，D.C:Free Press，1963. [12] 中共中央,国务院.中国教育改革和发展纲要[EB/OL].[2017-01-16].http://www.moe.edu.cn/jyb_sjzl/moe_177/tnull_2484.html. [13] 2012年全国教育事业发展统计公报[EB/OL].[2017-01-16].http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A03/s180/moe_633/201508/t20150811_199589.html. [14] Herbert Alexander Simon.Administrative Behavior[M].New York:Free Press,1997. [15] 梁芷铭.大数据治理：国家治理能力现代化的应有之义[J].吉首大学学报（社会科学版），2015（2）. [16] 李军鹏.公共服务型政府[M].北京：北京大学出版社，2004. [17] Beyer,M.a.,& Laney,D.The Importance of “Big Data”:A Definition.Gartner Publications[EB/OL].[2017-01-16].Stamford,CT.2012（i）.https://doi.org/G00235055. [18] Steve Lohr.Amid the Flood，A Catchphrase is Born[N].New York Times,2012-08-12. [19] Billestrup J，Stage J.E-government and the Digital Agenda for Europe[J].Lecture Notes in Computer Science,2014. [20] Roussinos D，Jimoyiannis A.Blended Collaborative Learning Through a Wiki-Based Project:A Case Study on Students' Perceptions[J].International Journal of Digital Literacy & Digital Competence,2011，2（3）. [21] 阿尔温·托夫勒.第三次浪潮[M].朱志焱，潘琪，译.北京:三联书店,1983. [22] Nathan Marz.Big Data:Principles and Best Practices of Scalable Real-time Data Systems[M].Hampton:Manning Publications，2015.